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The brute force computational approach will not resolve the outstanding problems in disk galaxy formation. What seems to be needed are further analytical insights that will allow refinement of the simple prescriptions for star formation. One such approach has come from studying turbulence-driven viscous evolution of differentially rotating disks. Recent investigations of star formation suggest that turbulence plays an important role in accounting for the longevity of star- forming clouds and their fragmentation into stars. The Jeans mass in a typical interstellar cloud greatly exceeds the stellar mass range. It is likely that the gravitational instability of galaxy disks is a primary source of interstellar cloud turbulent motions, supplemented on small scales by supernova feedback. Of course, these drivers of turbulence are coupled together, since the rates of star formation and star deaths are controlled by global gravitational instability. In effect, differential rotation is the ultimate source of the turbul

From Sturgis to Walled lake, Greenville to Grosse Pointe—an increasing number of school's are seeing tablet computers as a way to engage students and boost test scores. However, as history seems to show, improvement for one group of people is often predicated on the underdevelopment of another. (The wealth of many modern-day Western countries came as a direct result of slavery.) Thousands of k-12 students are gaining access to new technologies and the fleeting exhilaration that comes with novelty. But what's the real cost of producing tablet computers like Apple iPad's? While covering the story for CNS, I couldn't shake the thought that while many school teachers champion the sleek-looking tablets as the future of teaching, those producing them work in conditions that few American citizens would ever consent to. The tablets are made in China, many of which at Foxconn, an electronic manufacturing company that produces more than 40 percent of the world's electronics. Foxconn has gained a reputation of having de

Scientists use the word instinct to define animals' inborn behaviors. Always left unanswered, however, are the questions of how these instinctive behaviors first appeared, and how animals developed these instincts and passed them down through later generations. In his book, The Great Evolution Mystery, evolutionist and geneticist Gordon Rattray Taylor admits this logical dead end: When we ask ourselves how any instinctive pattern of behaviour arose in the first place and became hereditarily fixed, we are given no answer... i Some evolutionists, who do not admit this dilemma as Taylor does, try to pass over such questions with vague rhetoric of no specific meaning. According to the theory of evolution, instinctive behaviors are coded in the genes. According to this rationale, bees build their extraordinary and mathematically precise combs because of their instincts. In other words, Someone must have programmed into the genes of all the bees on Earth the instinct of how to construct regular six-sided combs. If

Whether it’s pupils calling for no school uniform, or professionals delivering a business proposal - the power of persuasion is a vital tool throughout our lives. Help students to win friends and influence people with these hand-picked persuasive writing resources. - Help pupils persuade local people to be good citizens with this TES iboard interactive leaflet writer. - Hear young pupils and adults discuss 5 key topics in this video - great inspiration to encourage pupils to be persuasive. - Practise persuasive techniques by banishing dislikes to Room 101 in this outstanding graded lesson. - Help pupils to understand sustainable fishing issues while they develop their persuasive style in this resource pack from National Schools Partnership. - Adopt a persuasive tone and help pupils develop their literacy confidence with this big writing frame. - Concise, clear and colourful - this simple A4 sheet tells pupils what they need to do to achieve levels 4c- 5c in their work. - Simple checklist for self- and peer-as

1874 foreclosure law took heavy farm toll When historian Robert Stauffer started sifting through thousands of pages of old documents that a trust company clerk had saved from the trash bin, he knew he had come across an information gold mine. It just wasn't clear at the time how valuable the find would be. It's clear now. Based on those documents, many of them written in Hawaiian, Stauffer produced ground-breaking research that is detailed in his new book, "Kahana: How the Land Was Lost." The book basically exposes the major role that an obscure but controversial mortgage foreclosure law played in the widespread loss of lands by native Hawaiians in the late 1800s and early 1900s. DENNIS ODA / [email protected]| Ron Johnson and Robert Stauffer enjoy the view in Kahana Valley. Ron hand- cleared the area below to raise taro as did his family before him. Stauffer's new book uses previously unexamined documents to detail how an 1874 state law facilitated the loss of native Hawaiian land. It's a state law that s

Acosta, A. J. (1973) Hydrofoils and hydrofoil craft. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 5 . pp. 161-184. ISSN 0066-4189 http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ACOarfm73 See Usage Policy. Use this Persistent URL to link to this item: http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ACOarfm73 At the present time several hundred hydrofoilcraft are in service throughout the world. The upsurge in the use of these craft did not really begin until the late 1950s, although fascination with the idea of supporting small boats with underwater wings dates well back into the nineteenth century. About the turn of the century, hydrofoil flight was achieved, to be followed in a few years by Bell and Baldwin who, at the close of World War I, achieved the modern hydrofoil speed of 60 knots in a very novel craft. Progress and interest in this form of transportation then waned for many years. There were some interesting developments just prior to and through World War II in Europe, and after the war interest quickened in several co

Urinary Tract and Kidney Infections A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common medical complication of pregnancy. Unless treated, a UTI can cause serious problems in pregnancy. Normal urine is sterile. It contains fluids, salts, and waste products, but is free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The tissues of the bladder are isolated from urine and toxic substances by a coating that discourages bacteria from attaching and growing on the bladder wall. The main parts of the urinary tract are: Two kidneys. A pair of purplish-brown organs located below the ribs toward the middle of the back. Two ureters. Narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Bladder. A triangle-shaped, hollow organ located in the lower abdomen. Two sphincter muscles. Circular muscles that help keep urine from leaking by closing tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder. Urethra. The tube that allows urine to pass outside the body. Click Image to Enlarge Pregnancy and urinary tract infections During

What Time is it? Sometimes measuring time in millisecond resolution just isn’t accurate enough. Together with industry and community leaders, the W3C Web Performance working group has worked to solve this problem by standardizing the High Resolution Time specification. To solve this issue, the High Resolution Time specification defines a new time base with at least microsecond resolution (one thousandth of a millisecond). To reduce the number of bits used to represent this number and to increase readability, instead of measuring time from 01 January, 1970 UTC, this new time base measures time from the beginning of navigation of the document, performance.timing.navigationStart. This time base is also different in that it is monotonically increasing and not subject to clock skew or adjustment. The difference between subsequent calls to performance.now() will never be negative. The specification defines performance.now() as the analogous method to Date.now() for determining the current time in high DOMHighResTim

For example, the roots of any quadratic equation with complex coefficients can be expressed in closed form in terms of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square root extraction, all elementary functions. However, there are quintic equations without closed-form solutions using elementary functions — see Galois theory. Changing the definition of "well- known" to include additional functions can change the set of equations with closed-form solutions. Many cumulative distribution functions cannot be expressed in closed form, unless one considers special functions such as the error function or gamma function to be well-known. It is possible to solve the quintic equation if general hypergeometric functions are included, although the solution is far too complicated algebraically to be useful. For many practical computer applications, it is entirely reasonable to assume that the gamma function and other special functions are well-known, since numerical implementations are widely available.

South Carolina – Indians, Native Americans – Keyauwee South Carolina SC Native Americans SC Indian Tribes SC Keyauwee Indians - Alternate spellings: Keyawee, Kewawee, Keiauwee, Keeowee, Keeowaw, Keeawawe - Possible meanings: Unknown - Language family: Presumed to be Siouan SC Location, Territory - Traditional: On the Great Pee Dee River, near the border between North Carolina and South Carolina in Chesterfield and Marlboro counties - 1600: 500 - 1701: 150 (one village) - In 1701, the Keyauwee were found living in a palisaded village near High Point, North Carolina. Their chief was Keyauwee Jack, a Congaree who had obtained the chieftaincy by marrying the Keyauwee's "queen." - Moved eastward to the Albemarle Sound area of Virginia in 1702, along with at least four other small tribes including the Cheraw. - Settled along the North Carolina portion of the Pee Dee River after 1716, possibly uniting with the Catawba. - Moved southwestward with the Cheraw to Greater Pee Dee River area near the North Carolina and So

Two trees 20 metres and 30 metres long, lean across a passageway between two vertical walls. They cross at a point 8 metres above the ground. What is the distance between the foot of the trees? The equation a^x + b^x = 1 can be solved algebraically in special cases but in general it can only be solved by numerical methods. In this short problem, try to find the location of the roots of some unusual functions by finding where they change sign.

For Release: April 2, 2009 WASHINGTON-- A collection of NASA missions will be involved in a live event April 3 that will allow the public to get an inside look at how these missions are run. "Around the World in 80 Telescopes" is a 24- hour webcast that is part of the "100 Hours of Astronomy" event for the International Year of Astronomy 2009. During the webcast, viewers will be able to visit some of the most advanced telescopes on and off the planet. For NASA's space-based missions, the webcast will be broadcast from control centers throughout the United States. To view the webcast, visit: As part of the webcast, each mission will release a never-before- seen image from the telescope or observatory. The new images can be found on the websites listed below. Please note these times correspond to the beginning of each mission's segment on the live webcast and when each new image will be available. The NASA missions participating in the Webcast, in chronological order, are (times EDT, April 3): Hubble Space Teles

The battle of Langemarck, 21-24 October 1914, was part of the wider first battle of Ypres (19 October-22 November). It began as an encounter battle, between troops of the British I corps and German troops, both advancing to make an attack. It ended with the Allies on the defensive around Ypres, holding off the first of a series of fierce German attacks that would be typical of the remained of the battle of Ypres. At the end of 20 October the two divisions of I corps were separated by Ypres. Sir John French ordered the corps to move to Langemarck and then launch an attack to the north, with the ambitious aim of liberating Bruges. French believed that there was only one German army corps north of Ypres, when there were actually five between Ypres and the coast. The start of the British attack was delayed by the time needed for the two divisions of I corps to reach Langemarck. Some progress was made, before the advancing British began to encounter an increasing number of German troops, also advancing to the atta

TEMPE, Ariz. – A team of researchers at Arizona State University has demonstrated the ability to move water molecules by light -- a phenomenon they believe could have widespread use in analytical chemistry and possibly pharmaceutical research. The discovery could have an important effect on the fledgling field of microfluidics, said Tony Garcia, an associate professor in the Harrington Department of Bioengineering. The use of an ordinary beam of light to move water around without the need for potentially damaging electric fields, air bubbles (which can denature proteins), or moving microscopic mechanical pump parts (which are expensive to make and difficult to repair) could significantly aid development of microfluidic devices, which are themselves tiny, sophisticated devices that can analyze samples. "This discovery can speed the development of microfluidic devices," Garcia said. "These devices could require only one drop of blood for a battery of 20 to 30 tests, with results provided in the time spent waiti

As fire professionals, we continually strive to improve the level of safety for our customers and fellow fire professionals. Fire professionals who have the task of suppression look for ways to improve the level of safety when they are called to fight a fire. This may range from improving firefighter safety through the use of the latest personal protection equipment, conducting pre-incident surveys of the occupancies in their districts and risking their lives for another. Those professionals assigned to fire prevention, look to improve safety to citizens and fire fighters through fire and life safety education, fire protection engineering, fire inspections, and code enforcement. But we must ask, are we really making an impact? What can be done to actually improve firefighter safety, decrease fire deaths and improve the overall level of fire protection in the community which we serve? Let us look at the big picture and link it to our community. Where are most of the people dying from fire? The answer is the sa

When leaders from Liberal, Progressive and Reform congregations in Europe, North America and other parts of the world gathered in Berlin in August 1928 to convene the first World Union for Progressive Judaism international conference, little could they have imagined that in less than a century the World Union would become the largest Jewish religious movement in the world, with over 1.7 million constituents in 42 countries. Two years earlier, in 1926, the World Union had been established in London, under the dynamic leadership of Lily Montagu, its honorary secretary, and Claude Montifiore, its first president. The mandate of the newly formed organization was to unite into a permanent Union the various progressive Jewish movements already in existence in various countries of the world, and to establish a movement presence wherever there were Jewish communities prepared and committed to undertake such a challenge. There is little wonder that the World Union’s first international conference took place in Berlin.

This article was originally distributed via PRWeb. PRWeb, WorldNow and this Site make no warranties or representations in connection therewith. SOURCE: The Mount Sinai Medical Center Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine have validated new genetic links for sagittal craniosynostosis, a common birth defect in which the bones that form the sides and top of the skull, fuse prematurely. New York, NY (PRWEB) November 18, 2012 Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine have validated new genetic links for sagittal craniosynostosis, a common birth defect in which the bones that form the sides and top of the skull, fuse prematurely. The genome-wide association (GWA) study and replication, published online November 18th in the journal Nature Genetics, provides the first strong evidence of genetic variants contributing to non-syndromic sagittal craniosynostosis. Craniosynostosis is one of the ten most common birth defects, occurring in about 1 out of every 2,500 live births. The sagittal form of craniosynost

2012 marks one hundred years since the sinking of RMS Titanic. The Titanic sank over the course of two and three quarter hours on the night of April 14-15 1912, with the loss of over 1,500 lives. Before the accident, Titanic was billed as a practically unsinkable ship and at the pinnacle of modern ship building and engineering techniques. Among its many outstanding features were four electric elevators for passengers, over 10,000 electric lamps and dimming light switches in first-class state rooms. This vast array of new and exciting advances in electrical engineering led an anonymous engineer to submit a four-page academic paper to the journal, The Electrician, in 1911, just a few months before the fateful voyage. The full paper is indexed in the IET’s engineering database, Inspec. Titanic also utilised the state of the art 5-kW Marconi wireless set, the most powerful in use at the time, with a guaranteed operating range of 250 miles. Sadly the radio operators did not fully take heed of the messages from oth

It's illegal to buy, sell or plant purple loosestrife, and It's banned in nurseries and farmer's markets. The native perennial fireweed produces spikes of magenta flowers July through September. All bindweeds have arrow shaped leaves on long stems, and their underground rhizomes are hard to dig up. These tall perennial wildflowers can be seen growing in moist pasture lands and on the banks of streams and rivers from southern Canada to Texas. The leaves and rhizomes of saponaria officinalis can be boiled in water to make a soapy lather. What is there not to like about a pretty, serviceable and deer-resistant plant that endures hot, dry conditions? It is hard to beat achillea, commonly called yarrow, in a hot dry garden site. There are over 900 species of salvias, and it is the largest genus in the mint family.

A “risk factor” is anything that increases your risk of developing breast cancer. Many of the most important risk factors for breast cancer are beyond your control, such as age, family history, and medical history. However, there are some risk factors you can control, such as weight, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. Be sure to talk with your doctor about all of your possible risk factors for breast cancer. There may be steps you can take to lower your risk of breast cancer, and your doctor can help you come up with a plan. Your doctor also needs to be aware of any other risk factors beyond your control, so that he or she has an accurate understanding of your level of breast cancer risk. This can influence recommendations about breast cancer screening — what tests to have and when to start having them. Risk factors you can control Weight. Being overweight is associated with increased risk of breast cancer, especially for women after menopause. Fat tissue is the body’s main source of estrogen after m

Many people may know the Finger Lakes as a choice vacation spot. But, did you know that it also is home to a remarkable amount of U.S. history? Read on to learn about some of the important history that took place in the Finger Lakes, and how to visit representations of these bygone eras today. Women’s Rights Movement The women’s rights movement had some of its earliest roots in Seneca Falls, a now-historic village located in the central part of the Finger Lakes. In 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and other local women organized the Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention. Stanton drafted a Declaration of Sentiments to guide the meeting, which included the radical notion that women ought to fight for the right to vote. There are many places to experience this proud heritage, including the National Women’s Hall of Fame, the Seneca Falls Historical Society, and Seneca Falls Heritage Area Visitor Center. After the Women’s Rights Convention, Stanton began working extensively with Susan B. Anthony to ca

The debate over the term “Oregon” has been ongoing for over a century. Most scholarship ascribes its first known use to a 1765 manuscript petition by Major Robert Rogers to the King of England’s Privy Council requesting financing for an expedition to discover a river based “Northwest Passage” from the Great Lakes to the Pacific. Variants later appear in Jonathan Carver’s 1778 Travel’s Through the Interior Parts of North America. Carver was an associate of Rogers from whom he no doubt derived the term. Modern scholars have delved deeper into the term associating it with various American Indian languages. The most recent scholarship on this subject by anthropologist Ives Goddard and linguist Thomas Love (Oregon Historical Quarterly, Vol. 105, No. 2 (Summer, 2004), pp. 238-259) traces the etymological root of “Oregon” to Abenaki term “wauregan” meaning “good” or “beautiful”. The Abenaki (and later the French in the form of Le Page’s Map), with whom Rogers was intimate, used this term to refer to the Ohio River –

FMNH Collection Data: Classification: Enstatite chondrite (EL6) Specimen number: FMNH ME 1979 Specimen mass: 390.59 gram The Blithfield meteorite was found in 1910 in Renfrew County, Ontario. The only sample from the find weighs 1.830 kg. The Blithfield meteorite is an enstatite chondrite that belongs to the low-iron chemical group and was thermally metamorphized in its parent body. It is classified as an EL6 chondrite. Image/animation: © 2011 The Field Museum.

Oral thrush is a very common infection in infants that causes irritation in and around a baby's mouth. It is caused by the overgrowth of the yeast (a type of fungus) called Candida albicans. Candida overgrowth can lead to vaginal (yeast) infections, diaper rashes, or oral thrush. Most people (including infants) naturally have Candida in their mouths and digestive tracts, which is considered normal growth. The amount is controlled by a healthy immune system and some "good" bacteria. If the immune system is weakened (due to an illness or medicines like chemotherapy), or if the immune system is not fully developed as is the case in infants, the Candida in the digestive tract can overgrow and lead to an infection. Sometimes Candida overgrowth occurs after a baby has received antibiotics for a bacterial infection, because antibiotics can kill off the "good" bacteria that keep the Candida from growing. Similarly, infection can occur with the steroid use. Oral thrush can affect anyone, although it's most common in i

view a plan “All Eyes on the Pond” Language Arts, Science Title – Life in a Pond By – Karen Secules Primary Subject – Science Secondary Subjects – Language Arts Grade Level – 3rd Grade Lesson Plan Title: Life in a Pond – a Web Enhanced Lesson Concept / Topic To Teach: Language Arts/Science (Pond Life) Standards Addressed: (Pennsylvania Standards) 1.1.3-F — Understand the meaning of and use correctly new vocabulary learned in various subject areas. 1.1.3-G — Demonstrate after reading understanding and interpretation of both fiction and nonfiction text; retell or summarize the major ideas, themes or procedures of the text. 1.2.3-A —Read and understand essential content of informational texts and documents in all academic areas; make inferences from text when studying a topic (e.g., science, social studies) and draw conclusions based on text. 1.2.3-B —Use and understand a variety of media and evaluate the quality of material produced; use electronic media for research. 1.3.3-F — Read and respond to nonfiction an

A Fan of Caltech Over the coming weeks, we’ll be highlighting several undergraduates and their summer research at Caltech. Some are Techers; others hail from schools across the country. Most are participating in the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF) program, a unique opportunity for undergraduates to spend 10 weeks over the summer doing original research with Caltech faculty. At the end of the project, students write a paper and present their work at SURF Seminar Day, which will take place on October 15 this year. When summer started, Caltech senior Yuyang Fan was handed a picture taken with a cell phone. The image showed a large box with an array of small fans covering one side. It was a wind tunnel—a simple one, but a wind tunnel nevertheless. Fan's mission? To build one himself as part of his SURF project. And the catch? Other than the picture, he was given nothing. "That's all the information I got," he says. It turns out that building a wind tunnel wasn't even the SURF project he had signe

Heart disease - activity Getting regular exercise when you have heart disease is important. It can help you in these ways: Always talk with your doctor before starting an exercise program to make sure the exercise you would like to do is safe for you. This is especially important if: Your doctor will tell you what exercise is best for you. Talk with your doctor before you start a new exercise program or before you do an activity that is much harder than what you have been doing. Aerobic activity uses your heart and lungs for a long period of time, helps your heart use oxygen better, and improves blood flow. You want to make your heart work a little harder every time, but not too hard: During hot weather, exercise in the morning or evening. Be careful not to wear too many layers of clothes. You can also go to an indoor shopping mall to walk or to a fitness center. When it is cold, cover your nose and mouth when exercising outside. Go to an indoor shopping mall or fitness center if it is too cold or snowy to ex

The following is a guest post by Barbara Bavis and Robert Brammer, both legal reference librarians in the Public Services Division of the Law Library of Congress. The 2012 Presidential election is projected to be close, and attention has turned to whether the Electoral College may diverge from the popular vote in shaping the outcome of an election. Should this come to pass, we will once again have a national debate as to whether the Electoral College should be maintained, scrapped, or amended. But what exactly is the Electoral College system and who established it? The concept of the “Electoral College”—although not specifically mentioned by name—appears in Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution, representing the Founding Fathers’ effort to create a mechanism by which the states select the President and Vice President of the United States. Section 1 creates a select group of representatives known as “electors,” determined by state. The number of electoral votes awarded to each state is dependent upon

Economic growth in India has no automatic connection to reducing undernutrition in Indian children and so further reductions in the prevalence of childhood undernutrition are likely to depend on direct investments in health and health-related programs. These are the conclusions of a large study by researchers at the Schools of Public Health at University of Michigan and Harvard University, that is published in this week's PLoS Medicine. Malavika Subramanyam, S V Subramanian and colleagues collected data from the National Family Health Surveys conducted in India in 1992-93 (28,066 children), 1998-99 (26,121 children) and 2005-06 (23,139 children), which use stratified, representative samples of the population from every state of India. They used the measurementsóweight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for- heightóin these surveys to classify individual children's nutritional status as underweight, stunting or wasting, respectively, as per the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards. The study report

The first step to preventing heart disease? Know the risks. The second step? Avoid or reduce those risks. A heart-healthy diet and plenty of exercise is your first line of defense. And when it comes to nutrition in particular, you can do more than avoid foods high in saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol—you can eat foods that help lower blood pressure, reduce artery- damaging inflammation, and keep your cholesterol in the heart- healthy range. Here are seven tasty foods. Here are seven tasty foods you'll want to incorporate into your diet: Sweet potatoes contain fiber. Fiber, especially the soluble type, binds total cholesterol in the intestinal tract and promotes cholesterol excretion. Other high-in-soluble-fiber foods such as oats, flaxseed and beans can also help lower cholesterol. Another heart-healthy bonus from sweet potatoes: They are also high in potassium and magnesium. Research shows that if Americans boosted their potassium intake, adult cases of high blood pressure could fall by more than 10

"We know that there is considerable person-to-person variation in the sensitivity of normal tissues, and tumour tissues, to radiotherapy and that this sensitivity may have a genetic basis", explained Dr. Hlscher. "It is evident also that surgery, chemotherapy drugs and some rare genetic syndromes can influence side effects of radiation, as may other factors such as age, hypertension, other medication and other diseases. Prediction of individual patient's sensitivity to radiotherapy would allow treatment to be tailored to minimise side effects for those most sensitive, whilst allowing more intense, and potentially more effective, treatment for those predicted to have better tolerance". The GENEPI (GENEtic pathways for the Prediction of the effects of Irradiation) project aims to provide a scientifically rigorous method of predicting both radiotherapy efficacy and side effects based on a wide range of genetic, physical and other patient-related factors. It will lead to the establishment of the only pan-European

A printer that uses heat to transfer an impression onto paper. There are two kinds of thermal printers: - thermal wax transfer: a printer that adheres a wax-based ink onto paper. A thermal printhead melts wax-based ink from the transfer ribbon onto the paper. When cool, the wax is permanent. This type of thermal printer uses an equivalent panel of ink for each page to be printed, no matter if a full page or only one line of print is transferred. Monochrome printers have a black page for each page to be printed, while color printers have either three (CMY) or four (CMYK) colored panels for each page. Unlike thermal dye transfer printers , also called dye sublimation printers, these printers print images as dots, which means that images must be dithered first. As a result, images are not quite photo- realistic, although they are very good. The big advantages of these printers over thermal dye transfer printers are that they don't require special paper and they are faster. - direct thermal: a printer that prints

Largest City Abidjan,Lagunes Land Area 124,504 mi2 * Statistics by Wolfram|Alpha. "Christianity" is used in the statistical sense and includes Catholics, Protestants, and true Christians. Listing in Cote D Ivoire The Republic of Cote d'Ivoire, commonly known in English as Ivory Coast, is a country in West Africa. It has an area of 124,504 square miles, and borders the countries of Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population 20,600,000. Prior to its colonization by Europeans, Cote d'Ivoire was home to several states, including Gyaaman, the Kong Empire, and Baoule. There were two Anyi kingdoms, Indenie and Sanwi, which attempted to retain their separate identity through the French colonial period and after Cote d'Ivoire's independence. An 1843-1844 treaty made Cote d'Ivoire a "protectorate" of France and in 1893, it became a French colony as part of the European scramble for Africa. Cote d'Ivoire became independent on 7 August 1960.

Cats have ABS Brakes Cats have a sixth “finger” (called a carpal pad) on the inside of the wrists of the front paws. It’s also found on the paws of big cats. It is not believed to have a function in normal walking, but is thought to be an anti- skidding device used while jumping (or perhaps during a raucous game of Thundering Herd of Elephants). Exactly how many lives do they have? Not all countries believe that cats have nine lives. In some Spanish-speaking regions, cats are believed to have seven lives. The number drops to six in Turkey and Arabia. No hot flashes Cats are descended from desert cats and as a result can tolerate high temperatures well. Despite their furry coats they show no discomfort until their skin temp rises above about 126 °F. (Humans start to feel uncomfortable when their skins temp exceeds 112 °F — except for menopausal women, who sweat anytime the ambient temperature rises above 24 °F.) I kidney you not Cats’ kidneys are so efficient that cats can survive on a diet consisting only of m

Are Fleas a Health Hazard? [LiveScience 2007-12-17] [Photo] Xenopsylla cheopis (oriental rat flea), is the primary vector of plague in most large plague epidemics in Asia, Africa, and South America. Both male and female fleas can transmit the infection. Shown here is a male that is engorged with blood. Credit: CDC. Most fleas are no more than a nuisance to humans. "They generally cause a lot of itching and scratching," says Marcia Larkins of the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Veterinary Medicine. "They may also cause some discomfort due to possible allergic flea bite dermatitis." One type, the oriental rat flea, transmits plague to humans in Asia, Africa, and South America. Both male and female fleas can transmit the infection. Some pets are extremely allergic to flea bites. In these pets, fleas may cause a rash, inflammation, and hair loss. In response, cats may compulsively overgroom, according to the FDA. Fleas are hard to spot--look for their black, poppyseed-like excrement. A recent study foun

Group students in pairs. Each student is going to draw a tree diagram for the same event, but they are not going to build their diagrams in the same Show the sample space for tossing one penny and rolling one die. (H = heads, T = tails) Students should quickly see (and remember) that the order will not change the number of outcomes in a tree diagram.

NIAID established the Microbicide Trials Network (MTN) in 2006 to develop and evaluate products that women can use daily or prior to sexual intercourse to prevent infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted agents. Read how MTN conducts its multi-center studies at sites around the world. View Larger Map South Africa, located on the southern tip of the mainland, borders both the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Its climate varies from arid in the northwest to tropical in the east along its border with Mozambique. Despite being one of the most economically advanced African nations, South Africa faces many major health challenges. For example, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the country has the worst prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in the world. In addition, UNAIDS estimates that approximately 5.4 million South Africans are HIV-positive, and recent reports have suggested that the prevalence is climbing. Drug-resistant malaria is also a growing health concern in the country, while schistosomia

When using herbs and plant materials medicinally, there are a host of ways in which they can be used. For example, a leaf may be rubbed on a tender spot of skin to help cure a rash. Another herb may be ingested after it has been turned into a tea. In this regard, we have put together a list of methods and applications for each of the specific uses mentioned on each herb’s page. These descriptions are used only to serve as general knowledge as to what the method entails. More specific instructions are given in the “Applications” section of each plant. Infusion: Infusion is the most common way to prepare an herb. Quantities vary depending upon the application, but a teaspoon of leaves, blossoms, or flowers is recognized as a standard measurement. This dosage is mixed with boiling water (usually 1 cup). The water is poured over the herb and steeped for 3 to 5 minutes. Straining is recommended before drinking. Honey is often used to improve the taste. Decoction: Some herbs are hard and course (ie: stems, roots, b

ARMENIA and IRAN i. Armina, Achaemenid Province Armina is named as a province (satrapy) of the Achaemenid empire; the inhabitants are called Arminiya- “Armenian.” As a by-form of the country’s name, the form Arminiya-, is attested six times in DB 2.33-63, but only in the locative form Arminiyaiy (on this word see R. Schmitt, Acta Antiqua 25, 1977, p. 96 n. 16). Armina is the source of Greek Arménioi “Armenians,” Armeníē, Armeníā [scil. Khṓrā] “Armenia;” it is rendered phonetically in Elamite as Har-mi-nu-ya (-ip), etc. The inscriptions’ Babylonian versions, however, use KURú-ra-áš-ṭu “Urartu” and LUú-ra-áš-ṭa- a-a “Urartean,” i.e., the name of the kingdom (and its inhabitants), mighty in former times in nearly the same region; the old name was preserved by the indigenous pre-Achaemenid cuneiform tradition. The Armenians’ name for themselves, attested from the 5th century A.D., is Hay, plural Haykʿ, with Hayastan “Armenia” and other derivatives. The references to Armina in the Bīsotūn inscription (DB) from abou

Short for web log, a blog is a web page that serves as a publicly accessible personal journal. New content is published by the blog’s author on a regular basis, often daily. Most blogs are a mixture of what is happening in a person’s life and what is happening on the Web, but there are as many unique types of blogs as there are people. In recent years, blogs have played an important role in the delivery of real time commentary on important events, such as the presidential elections. Blogs differ from traditional sites in that rather than being composed of individual web pages connected by hyperlinks, they consist of a template into which content is fed from a database. Each new item submitted to the blog is known as a post, and may include hyperlinks to other sites on the Web. A key feature of a blog is that visitors to the blog can submit comments on any of the posts using a simple form. Each post on a blog will also have a link at the bottom that will allow the person visiting the blog to view any comments

Local farming communities throughout the world face binding productivity constraints, diverse nutritional needs, environmental concerns, and significant economic and financial pressures. Developing countries address these challenges in different ways, including public and private sector investments in plant breeding and other modern tools for genetic crop improvement. In order to measure the impact of any technology and prioritize investments, we must assess the relevant resources, human capacity, clusters, networks and linkages, as well as the institutions performing technological research and development, and the rate of farmer adoption. However, such measures have not been recently assessed, in part due to the lack of complete standardized information on public plant breeding and biotechnology research in developing countries. To tackle this void, the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in consultation with the International Food Policy Institute (IFPRI) and other organizations,

Geometric Primitive Design This article describes K-3D's geometric primitive data structures, which support rendering more than one million polygons with usable interactivity while providing unprecedented flexibility, including the ability to introduce new geometric primitive types at runtime. Many of K-3D's features - including the Visualization Pipeline, Mesh Painters, and pluggable render engines - make it a natural choice for working with new geometric primitive types, and the new data structures make this easy. Geometric data in the K-3D pipeline is stored using the k3d::mesh class. Each instance of k3d::mesh is a container for a collection of geometric points, and a collection of k3d::mesh::primitive objects. The points in k3d::mesh are globally-accessible to every primitive within the mesh, so primitives can "share" control-points, "stitching" them together. Every instance of k3d::mesh::primitive stores a specific type of geometric primitive, such as a polyhedron, collection of curves, collection of NU

Their mission? To give the committee an idea of how New Yorkers, and Americans in general, have been psychologically affected by the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks and what kind of mental health resources Americans need as a result. The psychiatrists’ major message was that the psychological impact of the World Trade Center and Pentagon tragedies has been enormous and will remain so for some time to come. As North explained it: "When disasters occur, subsequent psychiatric disorders tend to cluster most densely at the disaster epicenter and diminish as one moves outward, generating ever smaller waves as ripple effects reach the periphery. Those injured and those who fled for their lives from the burning World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon already have suffered physical and emotional distress, but also will suffer the most frequent and severe mental health consequences. Ripple effects will extend to people who evacuated from nearby buildings and others who witnessed the disaster unfolding from

Senegal and Gender Check the most recent online additions, updated daily. Content from selected partners can be found by following the relevant links in the central panel below - or check out our editor's selection of the best sector specific information from other websites. Search BRIDGE's database of gender-focused material - The BLDS gender collection Search for the latest gender-related print documents on this country from the British Library for Development Studies collection - Evaluating Tostan’s community empowerment programme: finding out what works to prevent gender-based violence in Senegal - Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, 2012 - PATH is currently conducting a four year evaluation of a community based health and human rights awareness initiative called the Community Empowerment Programme. PATH is examining the programme’s impact on gender based violence,... - Common ground In Bangladesh, Ghana, Nepal, Senegal and Trinidad and Tobago - Women’s Environment and Development Organisation,

At least fourteen people have died after eating toxic sardines in Madagascar. The deaths occurred in the town of Toliara, with another similar situation happening 130 km (80.8 mi) away in Sakaraha. The sardines the victims ate belong to the Clupeidae family. As well as the dead, around 120 people have been taken ill after eating the fish according to officials. Dr Hery Raharisaina, Madagascar’s fishing and aquatic resources minister, offered condolence to the families of the victims on behalf of the government. He added in his statement that the government would pay for the medical bills for those who are still hospitalized from the toxic fish and would also supply 100 mattresses to the city of Toliara, as the region’s hospital is overcrowded. Samples of the sardines have been sent to health officials at the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar in the capital city of Antananarivo. Incidents like this have happened before in which researchers have tracked the cause down to the fish eating poisonous seaweed. Madagasc

Pride Survey Results The Walker County Safe and Drug Free Schools and Community Program Under the No Child Left Behind legislation, school are required to establish a Uniform Management and Information Reporting System.The collected data, from anonymous student surveys, shall include: "the incidence and prevalence, age of onset, perception of social disapproval of drug use and violence by youth in schools and communities". The graphs and tables in this summary are compiled from data collected in the Walker County Schools using the Pride Surveys Questionnaire for grades 6 - 12. The total number of students surveyed in 6 - 12 grades was 3,240. This is the sampling of the total number of students in 6 - 12 grades in the Walker County School System. Pride Survey 2007

- Get Started Years ago, Microsoft defined RSS (Receive-Side Scaling) with the goal of improving packet processing by enabling multiple cores to process packets concurrently. Today RSS is implemented in modern 1-10 Gbit network adapters as a way to distribute packets across RX queues. When incoming packets are received, network adapters (in hardware) decode the packet and hash the main packet header fields (e.g. IP address and port). The hash result is used to identify into which ingress RX queue the packet will be queued. In order to balance the traffic evenly on the RX queues, RSS implements asymmetric hash. This means that packets belonging to a TCP connection between host A and B, will go to two different queues: A-to-B will go to queue X, and B-to-A will go to queue Y, where X is different than Y. This mechanism guarantees that the traffic is distributed as much as possible on all available queues, but it has some drawbacks as applications that need to analyze bi-directional traffic (e.g. network monitor

Fire safety officials offer the following tips for cooking on Thanksgiving • Always stay in the kitchen while frying, grilling or broiling food. If you have to leave the kitchen for even a short period of time, turn off the stove. • Set a timer when cooking so you don’t forget to turn off the burners or oven. • If a pan catches fire, cover it with a lid immediately and turn off the burner. Don’t attempt to fight a grease fire with water. For an oven fire, turn off the heat and keep the door closed. • Stay alert. If you are sleepy or have consumed alcohol, don’t use the stove or oven. • Keep anything that can catch fire such as oven mitts, wooden utensils, food packaging, towels or curtains away from the stove. • Wear tight-fitting sleeves when cooking. Loose clothing can contact a burner and ignite. ANDERSON — Fire safety officials are urging people who use turkey fryers to be extra careful when cooking on Thanksgiving. Turkeys that are wet or improperly thawed can cause a fire when placed in boiling cooking

This is odd. Take a look at this map of America at night. As you’d expect, the cities are ablaze, the Great Lakes and the oceans dark, but if you look at the center, where the eastern lights give way to the empty western plains, there’s a mysterious clump of light there that makes me wonder. It’s a little to the left, high up near the Canadian border. Just run your eye up that line of lights at the center of the country, look over to the upper left — there’s a patch that looks like a big city —but there is no big city in that part of North Dakota. There’s mostly grass. So what are those lights doing there? What is that? If you need help, here’s the same map again, this time the patch is marked with a circle. It turns out, yes, that’s not a city. And those lights weren’t there six years ago. What we have here is an immense and startlingly new oil and gas field — nighttime evidence of an oil boom created by a technology called fracking. Those lights are rigs, hundreds of them, lit at night, or fiery flares of n

A. Stranded or not stranded? 1 . Generally, a stranded animal is any live marine animal that is out of its element, or outside of its survival envelope (Geraci and Lounsbury, 1993). Examples of stranded animals include a dolphin lying on the beach, a seal that is out of its range, or an icebound whale. 2. Healthy seals, sea lions, walruses, and otters naturally haul out onto land at times to rest, mate, pup, or molt (Geraci and Lounsbury, 1993). This behavior is not considered stranding. A healthy pup, which may appear stranded because it is thin, feeble, and crying plaintively, may have a mother nearby (Geraci and Lounsbury, 1993). A stranded animal is a live marine animal that is out of its element due to an illness, injury, or other condition threatening its survival. B. Masking symptoms A wild animal with an illness or injury generally will try to mask its symptoms for as long as possible to avoid predators. C. When animals strand In general, a marine animal may strand if it has a severe, debilitating ill

Most Active Stories Shots - Health Blog Wed December 7, 2011 Why Observing Prostate Cancers Is Gaining Ground On Surgery Originally published on Wed December 7, 2011 2:26 pm A federally convened panel of experts says most men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer should be offered the chance to put off treatment in favor of medical monitoring of their condition. In fact, the panel went so far as to say doctors should stop calling most of these low-risk tumors cancer at all. "Strong consideration should be given to removing the anxiety-provoking term 'cancer' for this condition," the 13-member panel says in its draft recommendations, which were produced after two days of presentation and debate. Some think these tumors should be rebranded as something else, such as idle tumors, to reflect the fact that they're not all that threatening and don't necessarily need to be treated. The analogy, though imperfect, is that some early skin cancers are called "actinic keratoses" and early cervical cancers are termed "dysp

(ACE), America’s leading authority on fitness and the world’s largest nonprofit fitness certification, education and training organization, today announced the results of an independently conducted, academic study on Vibram FiveFingers, a sock-style shoe designed to simulate the effect of running barefoot while still protecting the foot. The study found that while the shoes may be beneficial for those who suffer from chronic running injuries, using Vibrams and barefoot-style shoes for running can pose additional risks if runners do not adopt the correct foot- to-ground strike style. ACE commissioned the study to determine what happens when runners switch from their traditional running shoes to wearing minimalist running shoes like Vibram FiveFingers. Advocates of barefoot running suggest that traditional running shoes may increase a runner’s risk of injury, as the shoes encourage the foot to use a heel-strike pattern, which causes more pounding and stress. Conversely, barefoot runners tend to run more lightly,

Two jaguar cubs are providing more than just cooing fans for Milwaukee's zoo. The spotted brothers are introducing new genes to the endangered species' captive population because unlike most zoo babies, their father was born in the wild. The blue- eyed cubs, born Nov. 13, don't officially have names just yet, but keepers at the Milwaukee County Zoo are calling them "Gaps" and "Dots," due to the markings on their heads. Stacey Johnson, coordinator of the jaguar species survival plan for the American Zoo and Aquarium Association, said it is rare for zoos' reproductive programs to have access to animals born in the wild. "They are bringing in a new inflow of genes that will help sustain the population over next 100 years," Johnson said. He also noted that the cubs — the first born at the zoo since 1975 — are also beneficial because female jaguars currently outnumber males in zoos in North America. The cubs, currently about the size of house cats, are still too small to navigate their multi- level exhibit, so they

What caused several bats to die suddenly, and whose job is it to dispose of something like that? Two bats were discovered on the Milford High School track last week by a Patch reader, who asked whether it was the police or the animal control officer who should be contacted. One bat was dead, the other one dying. Who to call? It depends. If wildlife is on someone's private property, the homeowner needs to handle it, including by calling a nuisance wildlife company. Milford Animal Control can intervene on a private property if an animal is rabid, and people have been affected, but with dead wildlife in the outdoors, the best solution is to leave it alone, said Rochelle Thomson, the animal control officer. With the high school track incident, Thomson responded to the call once she was on duty, but by that time, the bats were gone, she said. No one is sure what happened to them. But with bats, people need to take care. Massachusetts has two species of bats, the little brown bat and the big brown bat. They are sim

Scientists have shown that they can use nano-particles and radio waves to turn genes on and off. Nano-particles of metals, like aluminum, are being breathed in by everyone under the artificial clouds known as 'chem-trails'. So the hard part has been solved- how to get people to ingest nano-particles. Now with radio waves, specific genes can be activated or deactivated remotely. Reported publicly so far in mice, there is no doubt a vastly more important potential in the control of human genes using the frequencies that just happen to be the ones utilized in cell phones... Makes you wonder if all this is a plan by somebody to control the world and everybody in it. But we all know by now that the wicked people who control this world would only use such power for good... Scientists remotely activate and deactivate genes with radio waves Geneticists at Rockefeller University in New York have demonstrated the ability to remotely activate and deactivate specially engineered insulin production genes in mice through t

Actual Existence of All That Is, and a Primer on its Manipulation Further Manipulation of Strings through Absolute Time If it is possible to exert energy enough to bend these strings, then it is reasonable to bend a string back on itself. If this is so, then two things can happen in the event of knotting the strings. Event 1 is where the string is bent so that 2 different times on one string contact and diverge back into the strings natural path. Fig 16. A variation of this can also be when one string continuously goes back on itself (fig 17) due to a greater number of acting forces. During the points where a string comes in contact with itself they act like highway ramps. This allows for the transfer of existence from one point in time on the string to The bends in the string do not reverse the time; they only take a different path in time. This is what allows for the exchange of existence between points. It’s like driving all the way around the traffic circle then continuing on your original path. The other

When Are We in a Recession? A recession is complicated to define, but there are many indicators to examine. CREDIT: Wallet image via Shutterstock To the average American, it might seem ludicrous to suggest that the United States is not in a recession right now. But economists' fuzzy definition of the term makes it hard to say when a recession actually starts until we're well into one. Last week, the International Monetary Fund said the United States likely will slide into recession. And one thing's for sure: When we get there, the economy will be in the toilet. There are, of course, more technical definitions. You might hear, for example, that recession occurs when gross domestic product (GDP) growth is negative for two or more consecutive quarters. But that's not an adequate measure, most economists agree. The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), a non-profit group that includes economics researchers and professors from all over the country, has a somewhat formal definition that is often cited, said

1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Stoss, Veit |←Story, William Wetmore||1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 25 |Stothard, Charles Alfred→| |See also Veit Stoss on Wikipedia, and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.| STOSS, VEIT (1438 or 1440-1533), German sculptor and wood carver, was born in Nuremberg. In 1477 he went to Cracow, where he was actively engaged until 1499. It was here that he carved the high altar for the Marienkirche, between 1477 and 1484. On the death of King Kasimir IV. in 1492 Stoss carved his tomb in red marble for the cathedral in Cracow. To the same date is ascribed the marble tombstone of the archbishop Zbigniew Ollsnicki in the cathedral at Gnesen; and soon after this he executed the Stanislaus altar for the Marienkirche at Cracow. In 1496 he returned to Nuremberg, where he did a great deal of work in completing altars. His main works are: a relief with the Coronation of the Blessed Virgin in the Germanic museum at Nuremberg, a statue of the Blessed Virgin in the Frauenkirche, the

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a slow and progressive circulation disorder. It may involve disease in any of the blood vessels outside of the heart and diseases of the lymph vessels – the arteries, veins or lymphatic vessels. Organs supplied by these vessels – such as the brain, heart, and legs – may not receive adequate blood flow for ordinary function. However, the legs and feet are most commonly affected, thus the name peripheral artery disease. The terms “peripheral artery disease,” “peripheral vascular disease” and “peripheral arterial disease” are often used interchangeably. In the United States, about 10 million people have peripheral artery disease. It is frequently found in people with coronary artery disease, because atherosclerosis, which causes coronary artery disease, is a widespread disease of the arteries. There are two main goals for treatment of PAD: control the symptoms and halt the progression of the disease to lower the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other complications. A common tr

SEAM (Simple Extensible Abstract Machine) is a virtual machine architecture and library. SEAM is designed to be language- and platform-independent, to be simple and based on few principled services. - Uniform data representation and memory management. All datastructures used to represent computations, including code and threads, reside in an abstract store, which represents an abstract graph of data nodes. Language specific datastructures are modelled on top of the language-independent store structures. The store manages the allocation of nodes and their efficient layout in memory. - Platform-independent external representation. Store values are converted to a portable representation during export (pickling), and converted back during import (unpickling). A language-independent transfer language is defined to describe values independent from platform. Unpickling operates with respect to runtime-pluggable language-dependent transformation. For example, language specific code can be instantiated either to byte

The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft is expected to discover its 1,000TH comet this summer. The SOHO spacecraft is a joint effort between NASA and the European Space Agency. It has accounted for approximately one-half of all comet discoveries with computed orbits in the history of astronomy. "Before SOHO was launched, only 16 sun grazing comets had been discovered by space observatories. Based on that experience, who could have predicted SOHO would discover more than 60 times that number, and in only nine years," said Dr. Chris St. Cyr. He is senior project scientist for NASA's Living With a Star program at the agency's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. "This is truly a remarkable achievement!" About 85 percent of the comets SOHO discovered belongs to the Kreutz group of sun grazing comets, so named because their orbits take them very close to Earth's star. The Kreutz sun grazers pass within 500,000 miles of the star's visible surface. Mercury, the planet closest to the sun, is a

WVU Extension Service Veterinary Sciences Specialist Designing a herd health program for the cow-calf ranch requires setting comprehensive goals. Designing a program that prevents only death and sickness is shortsighted and will not maximize herd profitability. This report will provide goals and strategies for a comprehensive herd health program. Four main goals of the herd health program are common to all ranches. A list of strategies for reaching these goals is presented. It is up to the rancher and his veterinarian to pick and choose which strategies to use and to assign a herd calendar to implement those strategies. 1. The first goal is to have optimum reproductive performance. A realistic goal is to have 90 percent or greater of all cows give birth to a live calf. What strategies can be utilized to reach this goal? To achieve maximum live births, maximize the number of cows and heifers that get pregnant within the defined breeding period. The most important management tool to optimize pregnancy is proper

Language(s): Gaelic, Subtitles: Eng Between 2004 and 2005 Discovery Channel aired a series of short video clips, co- produced with the UN, which focus on endangered communities living in different regions of the world. The languages of these communities face extinction simply because their numbers are very low and constantly on the decline. The highest population count a community featured on this series had was 5,000, the lowest, 300. RESTRICTED. For inquiries about how to get authorization to reuse this material or to obtain a disk copy of it, please contact the publisher or the author directly. For further information refer to our FAQs 6 to 9

Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder. Normally, red blood cells are disc-shaped and flexible. In sickle cell disease, however, hemoglobin (the chemical within red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body) is abnormal. This causes red blood cells to collapse into a crescent or sickle shape. It also causes the red blood cells to be abnormally stiff and fragile. These elongated, stiff red blood cells have a tendency to clump together and clog up small blood vessels throughout the body. When blood vessels are blocked by sickle- shaped red blood cells, parts of the body are deprived of oxygen. This can cause severe pain and damage to the organs and tissues that are deprived of oxygen. Furthermore, abnormal red blood cells are destroyed at an unusually high rate, causing a shortage of red blood cells (called anemia). Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder. If you receive two defective genes (one from each of your parents), you will have sickle cell disease. If you only have one defective gene

New science shows an evolutionary reason for our love of Mozart and Carly Rae Jepsen: It binds us together Poor Alfred Russel Wallace! Virtually unknown these days compared to Darwin, Wallace was one of the 19th century’s greatest biologists and perhaps the preeminent field naturalist of all time. Those who have heard of Wallace know him primarily as the codiscoverer, with Darwin, of natural selection. But whereas Darwin had laboriously worked out the details, with copious examples from the living world, over a period of decades, Wallace literally came upon the principle of natural selection in a kind of brainstorm, a moment of epiphany while he lay in a malarial fever at a remote island campsite in what is today Indonesia. The story has oft been told: Barely recovered from his illness, Wallace sent Darwin a brief manuscript setting out “his” theory, which in turn nudged Darwin to speed up publication of the much lengthier book — “On the Origin of Species” — that Darwin had been perfecting, more or less in pr

AUDIE CORNISH, HOST: From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Audie Cornish. It looks as though the natural gas boom is here to stay. A new study of the Barnett Shale in Texas, one of the country's largest natural gas fields, predicts there is enough gas there to last three decades. And the finding show how fracking technology has fundamentally changed the energy picture. Here's NPR's Wade Goodwyn. WADE GOODWYN, BYLINE: There are few things in life more joyful than discovering a giant oil or natural gas field in Texas. You're rich beyond your wildest dreams. When the scope and size of the natural gas reservoir in the Barnett Shale in North Texas first became apparent, there were predictions that the find would last 100 years. No, that was over the top. But University of Texas geology professor Scott Tinker, who designed and authored the Barnett Shale study, says there's still a lot of gas down there even after a decade of drilling. SCOTT TINKER: It turns out what we learned is that there's a lot of g

What are dog rabies? Rabies is transmitted by a virus and is one of the most devastating diseases affecting mammals, including dogs and humans. How is dog rabies transmitted? The disease is usually transmitted by the bite of an infected animal. It is a disease of antiquity; the danger from the bite of a mad dog was known as long ago as the 23rd century BC. How widespread is Rabies in dogs? Canine Rabies occurs in every continent except Australia and Antarctica. Most countries are affected with the exception of Great Britain, Ireland, Japan, Norway, Sweden and the Iberian Peninsula. How is the virus transmitted? Rabies virus does not survive long outside the body. The infection is transmitted when one infected animal bites another. In Europe, foxes are the main reservoir while in North America the skunk, raccoon and bat are important transmission routes. In Asia, Africa and Latin America the main reservoir is not wildlife but stray dogs. In these areas, human infection and fatalities are more common. How long

Around 1964, Gene Roddenberry came up with the now legendary “transporter” effect for Star Trek, mostly out of necessity. I don’t think he believed that teleportation technology would actually exist within 300 years or so, but as a writer’s device, the transporter solved a myriad of production problems for Roddenberry’s planned TV series. Compared with having to build complex miniatures to show the USS Enterprise landing on a new planet each week, “beaming” actors off the set was a much simpler effect to insert each week. “Land a ship fourteen stories tall on a planet surface every week?” Roddenberry exclaimed to writer Stephen E. Whitfield in his classic 1968 book, The Making of Star Trek. “Not only would it have blown our entire weekly budget, but just suggesting it would have probably ruined my reputation in the industry forever.” Or as Mark Steyn summed things up nearly 40 years later in his 2005 obituary for James Doohan, the transporter’s most famous operator, “‘Beaming’ was the special effect – the one

Wa alaikum assalaam wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh, 1. When the last letter of a word has a shaddah on it, and we are stopping on the word, the only way to form the letter is with collision of the two participating parts of articulation. It is impossible to have collision of the first part of the shaddah, and separate before colliding again for the second part of the shaddah, for if we do this, we will be putting a vowel on the first part of the shaddah, which as we know is saakin. Physically we cannot just by normal letter formation make clear that there are two letters on shaddah when stopping on it (outside of the exceptions we have stating in the lesson on the . The only way to make clear that there are two letters (the two parts of the shaddah) is by making a , or accent. This makes clear there are two letters. There is no other way to do it without adding a vowel or qalqalah to the first letter of the shaddah. We stated in the lesson you are referring to: When stopping on a word like this, we stop with on

Lucy E. Parsons (1853 – 7 March 1942) was a radical American labor organizer, anarchist, and orator. She was born in Texas, likely as a slave, to parents of Native American, Black American and Mexican ancestry. She often went by the name of Lucy Gonzaleses. - Let every dirty, lousy tramp arm himself with a revolver or a knife, and lay in wait on the steps of the palaces of the rich and stab or shoot the owners as they come out. Let us kill them without mercy, and let it be a war of extermination. - Statement appearing in the Chicago Tribune in 1885, as quoted in "What’s Missing From Black History Month" by Jon Hochshartner in The Red Pheonix (10 February 2012) The Principles of Anarchism - Governments never lead; they follow progress. When the prison, stake or scaffold can no longer silence the voice of the protesting minority, progress moves on a step, but not until then. - My mind is appalled at the thought of a political party having control of all the details that go to make up the sum total of our lives.

Nuke Test Makes Nuclear Abolition More Important Than Ever North Korea’s test-firing of a short-range missile heightens and underlines the dangers of a world in which nuclear arms are spreading. The news media treats the North Korea’s nuclear weapons program as a story of a bad actor threatening international security, giving it the sort of attention rarely given to calls for constructive action to eliminate the danger of nuclear weapons. In particular, the frayed Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty is seldom mentioned, nor the obligation contained in the treaty for the nuclear powers, including the United States, to eliminate nuclear stockpiles. The contrast hits home in Hiroshima, Japan, the first city attacked with an atomic bomb. Just eight days before the North Korean test, the city’s daily newspaper, the Chugoku Shimbun, released an appeal from 17 Nobel Peace Prize laureates for citizens and governments to act for the elimination of nuclear weapons. Outside of Japan, the laureates’ Hiroshima-Nagasaki Declar

Our Belovezhskaya Pushcha, the National park, Biosphere Reserve, and National World Heritage Site, is in danger! In ancient times, most of Europe was covered by dense, impassable forests, but now only disconnected islands remain of those primeval areas. Located on the border between Poland and Belarus, Belovezhskaya Pushcha is the largest of these surviving woodlands. In recognition of its unique status as the last remaining primary deciduous and mixed forest in the European lowland, Belovezhskaya Pushcha has been named to the World Natural Heritage List, declared a Biosphere Reserve, and awarded the European Diploma for Protected Areas. The current situation in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha Despite its protected status, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha finds itself in great danger. Management methods now being applied in the park are threatening to destroy this unique treasure of the past. Powerful financial managers appointed as directors of the National Park are cutting down healthy trees. Intensive economic activity

|SPD and Other Disorders| When two disorders co-exist in one person, the phenomenon is known as "comorbidity." The SPD Foundation has sponsored and conducted a number of studies into the comorbidity of SPD with other common childhood disorders such as ADHD, autistic spectrum disorders including Asperger's, Fragile X Syndrome, Prader-Willi Syndrome, and other diagnoses. SPD and ADHD Scientists and parents alike are keenly interested in understanding the relationship between SPD and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD), a better-known condition that is frequently treated with medication. Although the neurological basis of the two disorders is different, children with the sensory-seeking subtype of SPD are especially likely to be diagnosed and treated for ADHD because their behaviors are similar to behaviors in children with Attention Deficit Disorder. Studies by SPD Foundation suggest that SPD and ADHD are unique disorders, each with its own distinct symptoms. This means that SPD is not simply a type of ADHD, and

| Dry river bed. Image credit: iStock photo / © Jyeshern Cheng A recent report from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that “warming of the climate system is unequivocal.” According to the IPCC, average global temperatures are increasing at an alarming rate. In just the past 50 years, northern hemisphere temperatures were higher than during any other 50-year period in the last 500 years, perhaps even the past 1,300 years. The IPCC projects that the Earth’s surface temperature could rise by as much as 4°C within the next century. The primary cause of climate change is increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. The 2007 Assessment Report by the IPCC indicates that GHG emissions increased by 70 percent between 1970 and 2004. These gases are primarily emitted as a result of human behavior, such as the burning of fossil fuels to produce energy. Building consturction and energy use account for more than 30 percent o

Imperial Oil, majority owned by ExxonMobil Corp., produces an average of more than 140,000 b/d of bitumen from the Cold Lake deposit via cyclic steam stimulation. ExxonMobil Upstream Research said the steam injection technology, developed by Imperial at Cold Lake, improves regulation and distribution of steam in long horizontal wells, reducing the number of wells required, lowering operating costs by cutting steam consumption, and improving bitumen recovery. The system has two key components. One is an externally mounted screen section that facilitates contact between the well and reservoir. The other is one or more small flow orifices beneath the screen section that create the desired level of flow restriction between the inside of the pipe and the reservoir. The technology allows control of steam into the formation over the full length of a horizontal well. In steam-assisted gravity drainage developments, it can be used in injector and producer wells to manage steam distribution. Eddie Lui, Imperial vice-pr

- Prayer and Worship - Beliefs and Teachings - Issues and Action - Catholic Giving - About USCCB The inauguration of a public official is normally a civic function, at which representatives of various religious traditions may be invited to offer public prayers. St. Paul writes, "I ask that supplications, prayers, petitions, and thanksgivings be offered for everyone, for kings and for all in authority, that we may lead a quiet and tranquil life in all devotion and dignity" (1 Timothy 2:1–2).It is, therefore, appropriate to offer prayers in liturgical settings for our civic leaders, as the prayers of the needs of the faithful and the world are lifted up and offered to the Lord.The inauguration of the President of the United States is a particularly significant moment which draws the attention of all citizens of our land.It is fitting that the prayer of the Church, particularly gathered at the Eucharist, be attuned to the occasion. January 20, Inauguration Day, is usually observed as a weekday in the Second Week

New Guide for Common Spiders of the Chicago Region The Field Museum's Division of Environment, Culture, and Conservation (ECCo) has developed a Rapid Color Guide for Common Spiders of the Chicago Region. The guide and others can be viewed and downloaded for free from The Field Museum's website at http://fm2.fieldmuseum.org/plantguides/guideimages.asp?ID=472 The goal of Rapid Color Guides is to provide a set of free tools that help individuals quickly and accurately identify species in the field. The Guides often concentrate on a limited geographic area and may fill gaps in the published literature. If you have other ideas for new Rapid Color Guides, please contact [email protected].

Controlled substances act The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. The CSA is the federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, and distribution of certain drugs is regulated. The Act also served as the national implementing legislation for the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. The legislation created five Schedules (classifications), with varying qualifications for a drug to be included in each. Two federal departments, the Department of Justice and the Department of Health and Human Services (which includes the Food and Drug Administration) determine which drugs are added or removed from the various schedules, though the statute passed by Congress created the initial listing. Classification decisions are required to be made on the criteria of potential for abuse, accepted medical use in the United States, and potential for dependence. The De

Great Basin National Park Great Basin National Park is a United States National Park established in 1986, located in east- central Nevada near its border with Utah, five miles west of the town of Baker. The park derives its name from the Great Basin, the dry and mountainous region between the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains. Flora and fauna There is almost an 8,000 foot (2,400 m) difference in elevation between Wheeler Peak and the valley floor. Weather conditions in the park vary with elevation. In late spring and early summer, days in the valley may be hot, yet the snowpack may not have melted at high elevations. The Great Basin is a desert, with low relative humidity and sharp drops in temperature at night. In the summer fierce afternoon thunderstorms are common. Weather conditions are highly variable. Please come prepared for all types of weather. It can snow any time of the year at high elevations. The nearest airport is located in Cedar City, Utah, 142 miles away. Major airports are found in Salt L

By Jesse Colombo (This article was written on May 18th, 2012) The South Sea Bubble was a speculative bubble in the early 18th century involving the shares of the South Sea Company, a British international trading company that was granted a monopoly in trade with Spain’s colonies in South America and the West Indies as part of a treaty made after the War of the Spanish Succession. In return for these exclusive trading rights, the company assumed England’s war debt. When investors recognized the potential profits to be made from trade with the gold and silver-rich South American colonies, they bid the South Sea Company’s shares and the shares of similar trading companies to incredible heights in a typical speculative bubble fashion. Not long after virtually all classes of British society were thoroughly engaged in wild stock speculation, the South Sea Bubble popped and stock prices violently collapsed, financially ruining their investors. Events Leading Up to the South Sea Bubble The South Sea Company was found

Individual differences | Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology | Duck is the common name for a number of species in the Anatidae family of birds. The ducks are divided between several subfamilies listed in full in the Anatidae article; they do not represent a monophyletic group but a form taxon, being the Anatidae not considered swans and geese. Ducks are mostly aquatic birds, mostly smaller than the swans and geese, and may be found in both fresh water and sea water. The word duck (from Anglo-Saxon dūce), meaning the bird, came from the verb "to duck" (from Anglo-Saxon supposed *dūcan) meaning "to bend down low as if to get under something" or "to dive", because of the way many species in the dabbling duck group feed by upending (compare Dutch duiken, German tauchen = "to dive"). This happened because the older Anglo-Saxon words ened (= "duck") and ende (= "end") came to be pronounced the same: other Germanic languages still have similar words for

If you’ve taught for any length of time, you’ll probably have to confront plagiarism. Even in the age before the Internet, students plagiarized, though it might be a little easier to do now than it was when you were in high school. A variety of tools can help you detect plagiarism, but what are you supposed to do about it? First of all, consider the age of your students. I think if you have middle schoolers, they likely don’t know or haven’t learned how to attribute quotes. Students should be taught how to attribute information. Model it. Teach them to use just the part of the quote they need. I have a handout on integrating quotes that might be helpful. Teach students what plagiarism is and how to avoid it. Barry Gilmore’s book Plagiarism: Why It Happens, How to Prevent It can help you. Melissa Vosen has a great article in the July 2008 issue of English Journal entitled “Using Bloom’s Taxonomy to Teach Students About Plagiarism.” I’ve used it for two years (and will use it again in January) and have found it

Guatemala - Average precipitation in depth Average precipitation in depth (mm per year) The value for Average precipitation in depth (mm per year) in Guatemala was 1,996 as of 2009. As the graph below shows, over the past 47 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 1,996 in 2009 and a minimum value of 1,996 in 1962. Definition: Average precipitation is the long-term average in depth (over space and time) of annual precipitation in the country. Precipitation is defined as any kind of water that falls from clouds as a liquid or a solid. Source: Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site. Topic: Environment Indicators Sub-Topic: Land use

Half of Hawai'i AIDS survivors face new health problems In addition to cognitive impairment, investigators also find higher risks for heart, kidney diseaseUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Posted: Nov. 30, 2011 In 2011, where medicines are available, HIV/AIDS has become a chronic disease instead of a death sentence. That's progress to celebrate, no question. However, the Hawaiʻi Center for AIDS has found HIV appears to lead to 'premature aging,' which is presenting a new set of challenges. To mark the upcoming World AIDS Day, the Hawaiʻi Center for AIDS will host a public forum on Wednesday, November 30, 2011, 5:30-6:30 p.m. at the John A. Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Medical Education Building Room 315. The most recent research by the Hawaiʻi Center for AIDS scientists will be discussed, including: - The Hawaiʻi Center for AIDS has demonstrated conclusively through "fat biopsy studies" that early-generation AIDS drugs damaged parts of fat cells, leading to the disfiguring pooling of fat around th

IN THIS ISSUE Conservation Psychology: Using Psychological Tools to Address Environmental Challenges What is conservation psychology? According to one definition, it is the scientific study of the reciprocal relationships between humans and the rest of nature, with the goal of encouraging conservation of the natural world. A more interesting question might be why is conservation psychology. Although this may be a more sophisticated audience that understands the need, I still get the question, "What does psychology have to do with environmental challenges?" A simple answer: Psychology is about human behavior; human behavior has caused the environmental problems we face but will also help us to cope with them. Psychology is about human attitudes; people have strong attitudes, both positive and negative, about the environment and environmental organizations. Psychology is about human health, and human health is powerfully affected by the health of the natural environment. Environmental threats pose both direct a

- Highest Ratings Quality: We've got the awards to prove it! - Fastest Shipping - No-Hassle Returns - USA Support Techs - Best Value - Our Guarantee Chevy S10 pickup Blower Motor Resistor What is a Blower Motor Resistor and where is it Located? The blower motor resistor, also commonly referred to as an A/C blower motor resistor or a heater blower motor resistor, is an important component to your vehicle’s HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) system. While a blower motor is what actually forces the hot or cold air through ducting and your car’s interior vents into the cabin, the resistor is what regulates the speed of the blower fan by reducing voltage going to the fan. It allows you to vary the settings of the blower motor so that you can lessen the amount of air that comes into the cabin, as opposed to only being able to have it blasted at you. The blower motor resistor works between a vehicle’s heater and A/C controls and the blower motor and is typically attached under the dash to the heater ducti

Image: RYAN REID These days hardly a week goes by without important discoveries concerning the history of life on Earth making headlines. Indeed, just last month researchers described a fossil that pushes the origins of key mammal features back some 45 million years. And last week scientists announced that new dates for an extinction event that claimed most of Australia's large animals show that humans, not the climate, wiped them out. Although visual inspection of the rocks, fossils and archaeological remains used to reconstruct our planet's past provides critical information, only by ascertaining their ages can researchers put this data into a meaningful context. The first step toward accurately measuring geologic time came at the turn of the 20th century, when French physicist Henry Becquerel discovered the natural radioactive decay of uranium. Shortly thereafter, building on related work by Ernest Rutherford, American chemist Bertram Borden Boltwood determined that he could use the predictable decay of ra

Green Roofs Sprout Over U.S. Cities Interest in green roofs (pun warning) continues to grow, especially in urban centers. Their benefits, both environmental and aesthetic, include savings on energy use, thus reducing the impact on global warming (especially in urban areas), helping to control rain water runoff thus reducing loads on storm sewage systems, and providing locally-grown produce to urban markets. “Green roof” is a general term that includes “white roofs,” those that reflect sunlight thus saving cooling costs; “blue roofs,” those that retain water and control runoff; “solar roofs” that heat water or generate electricity, and “living roofs,” those covered with soil and planted, a practice that both insulates and impedes runoff. Living roofs — especially those planted with edibles — may be the next big thing but the practice is actually quite old. We recall a diorama at the Nebraska Historical Society that showed a “soddy,” a home entirely built of sod. As we remember it, there was even a cow grazing

National Parks Jigsaw and is replicated here as part of the SERC Pedagogic Service. - Learn about a landscape from a scientific point of view - Develop a limited expertise in a particular field - Work with other experts in different fields and learn from them Context for Use This exercise can be scaled from introductory level to upper-level, and used in a variety of classes depending on the roles and the parks selected. I would give the students at least one class period and a week of outside time for research in their specialty, then another week to study their park and produce their web page or pamphlet with their base group. Description and Teaching Materials First, your decision about what the students need to learn defines which parks and which roles to assign. - It may be helpful to give students of each specialty a list of questions that they should focus on. For example, if one specialty is "geomorphologist", the student should research: - Topography and surface geology of the park - Common soil types

Reader caution -- The quoted April 2, 2012 article by LAWeeky and NRDC, are hardly what I would consider the most reliable sources on the planet. BPA, a synthetic compound that mimics estrogen, is used to harden polycarbonate plastic and to make protective epoxy resin linings for cans. Plastics marked PC, "other" or number 7 may contain BPA. Studies have shown that BPA can leach out of packaging and into foods, especially with acidic contents like tomatoes.... However Nearly all U.S. grocery stores (including Trader Joe's and Whole Foods) now offer a confusing mash-up of products with and without BPA, so it's best to contact a company's customer relations department for questions about specific items. , the article goes on to cite a U. C. Berkley scientist with an interesting point (emphasis added) -- One problem the food industry faces is developing safe alternatives to BPA. Dr. Megan Schwarzman, a family physician and research scientist at the UC Berkeley School of Public Health, told L.A. Weekly this morni

Beavers Dam Good for Songbirds October 15, 2008 The songbird has a friend in the beaver. According to a study by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), the busy beaver’s signature dams provide critical habitat for a variety of migratory songbirds, particularly in the semi-arid interior of the West. Researchers found that through dam building, beavers create ponds and stimulate growth of diverse streamside vegetation. The study found that the more dams beavers build, the more abundant and diverse local songbirds become. The study appears in the October 2008 issue of the journal Western North American Naturalist. Beaver populations once numbered in the millions in the American West but dramatically collapsed in the 1800s due to the fur trade. Today, beavers are often considered pests when they take down trees and flood property. Their influence is still missing on most watersheds in the West, yet this study and others suggest that beavers are very important to wildlife and to reviving the natural function of

Splinter hemorrhages are small areas of bleeding (hemorrhage) under the fingernails or toenails. Splinter hemorrhages look like thin, red to reddish-brown lines of blood under the nails. They run in the direction of nail growth. They are named splinter hemorrhages because they look like a splinter under the fingernail. The hemorrhages may be caused by tiny clots that damage the small capillaries under the nails. Splinter hemorrhages can occur with infection of the heart valves (endocarditis). They may be caused by vessel damage from swelling of the blood vessels (vasculitis) or tiny clots that damage the small capillaries (microemboli). - Bacterial endocarditis - Injury to the nail There is no specific care for splinter hemorrhages. Follow your health care provider's instructions for treating endocarditis. Call your health care provider if Contact your health care provider if: - You notice splinter hemorrhages and you haven't had any recent injury to the nail Note: Splinter hemorrhages usually appear late in

Luther's daring initiative thoughts did indeed come from above, but he owed them to no man or age. —Junius B. Remensnyder, What the World Owes Luther, 1917 Many writers maintain that there is a rule of International Law forbidding the commencement of war without a declaration of war. But such rule, in fact, does not exist, for a great many wars take place without an initiative declaration of war. —Lassa Oppenheim, International Law, 1906 If you want to meet her, you're going to have to take the initiative and introduce yourself. The company has the opportunity to seize the initiative by getting its new products to the market before its competitors. The governor has proposed a new initiative to improve conditions in urban schools. … on the day before their Club Med flight she took the initiative of telephoning Franco from work, ostensibly to tell him that she had really admired his new place … —John Barth, Atlantic, March 1995 Following initiatives begun before the First World War, thirty-four states institute

Good afternoon, you're in Econopolis! We're going to learn about opportunity cost today. Opportunity cost is the process of choosing one good or service over another. The item that you don't pick is the opportunity cost. Even though you might not realize it, you use opportunity cost every single day. Here is an example: I went to Clothes Express and saw a really cool shirt, then I went to Pants Plaza and saw some cool pants. The shirt was 10.00 dollars and the pants were 15.00 dollars. In all that is 25.00 dollars. I only have 20.00 dollars. If I pick the shirt, then the pants are my opportunity cost. can also be a choice about what you do during the day. A good example is: My friends and I have one day off to do anything we want. We've decided to either go to the movies or shopping. We decided to go to the movies instead of going shopping. The opportunity cost was going Now we're going to play a game to see what you have learned. You have just won $150.00!!!!!! Pick out your prizes out of the list below. But

The wheel of time or wheel of history is a concept in several religions and philosophies, notably religions of Indian origin such as Buddhism and Hinduism, which regard time as cyclical and consisting of repeating ages. Many other notable cultures also believe in this Wheel of Time: notably, the Q'ero Indians in Peru who are the direct descendants of the Incan empire, as well as the Hopi Indians of Arizona, believe in this cyclical idea of time. - See Kalachakra for details. The Wheel of Time or Kalachakra is a Tantric deity that is associated with Tibetan Tantric Buddhism , which encompasses all four main schools of Sakya , and is especially important within the lesser-known Jonang The Kalachakra tantra prophecies a world within which (religious) conflict is prevalent. A worldwide war will be waged which will see the expansion of the mystical Kingdom of Shambhala led by a messianical king. The "wheel of time" is a reference to the clockwork of modern magicians, a euphemism for the wheels and cogs of older cl

"theft" French translation Can we draw a comparison between this and the theft in the employment insurance- This is another disguised theft the Liberal government is preparing to commit. Words such as ``theft'' and ``stealing'' should not be used in the House of Commons. - Copy of the company's fire, theft and general liability insurance policy, Moreover, there would be fewer opportunities for diversion, theft and loss. These people had been accused of offences ranging from petty theft to aircraft hijacking. If apprehended for petty theft or other crimes, the children were held in detention centres often in inhuman conditions. The Bureau does not draw a clear distinction in its reports between an incident of petty theft, armed robbery or piracy. The officer had insulted, threatened and manhandled a Russian national while arresting him for theft. IMO in its reports distinguishes between piracy and armed robbery, but not between petty theft and armed robbery (see para. Murder, robbery, theft, rape, kidnapping,

New national science standards that make the teaching of global warming part of the public school curriculum are slated to be released this month, potentially ending an era in which climate skepticism has been allowed to seep into the nation's classrooms. The Next Generation Science Standards were developed by the National Research Council, the National Science Teachers Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the nonprofit Achieve and more than two dozen states. The latest draft recommends that educators teach the evidence for man-made climate change starting as early as elementary school and incorporate it into all science classes, ranging from earth science to chemistry. By eighth grade, students should understand that "human activities, such as the release of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, are major factors in the current rise in Earth’s mean surface temperature (global warming)," the standards say. They're "revolutionary," said Mark McCaffrey, programs and policy

Three new studies confirm the roles of two long-suspected factors in the development and perpetuation of ALS. Inflammation is a set of biochemical changes brought about by the immune system, while oxidative stress occurs when an excess of electrically charged, oxygen-containing molecules damage DNA and other cellular substances. Robert Brown, director of the MDA/ALS Center at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, was among the authors of a study of inflammation published in the Jan. 15 issue of Physiological Genomics. The researchers looked at postmortem samples of spinal cord tissue. They found a definite "pro-inflammatory state" in the ALS tissue compared with samples from people who didn’t have ALS. They also found that genes involved in the inflammatory process in ALS were selectively activated. (This finding doesn’t imply anything is wrong with the structure of the genes; it means they’re "turned on" because of the inflammatory process instead of being in their usual "turned off" condition.) Stanley

A major area of research in X-ray astronomy is the accretion of matter on to black holes and neutron stars in the context of AGN and galactic X-ray binaries. Accretion is an energetic process and can give high luminosities. During the epoch of reionization the first stars and black holes in the Universe (re-) ionized the Intergalactic Medium. Studying the epoch of reionization will tell us about the first galaxies. Observations of nearby galaxies and high-redshift quasars suggest that black holes are present in the majority of galaxies. The first quasars harbor already black holes as massive as several billion solar masses. The intergalactic medium (IGM) and not galaxies contain most of the baryons (e.g. H, He, C, N, O) in the Universe. We use spectroscopic observations of high redshift backgound quasars to study this material.

Shanna Riley April 7th, 2007 Embalming a body for transient preservation is an archaic practice that can be traced back to the ancient Egyptians - and was used perhaps even before. Though the methods have changed somewhat, the idea of bodily preservation by removing the fluids and replacing them with chemicals (natural or unnatural) has remained the same. The practice of embalming bodies for viewing or burial has no roots in any particular religion. Indeed, some religions - orthodox Jewish and Muslim, for example - prohibit embalming as it is considered a desecration of the body. The practice of embalming only came into common use after the Civil War in the United States. In 1861, Dr. Thomas Holmes, injected the bodies of slain soldiers with a mixture of arsenic and water; the intention being to preserve them for the journey home so that they could be buried by family members. Arsenic was the choice ingredient in embalming fluids until around 1910, when it was decided to pose too much of a health risk. Today,