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pii-cord19

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Please summerize the given abstract to a title	BACKGROUND The Andago is a rehabilitation robot that allows training walking over-ground while providing bodyweight unloading (BWU). We investigated the practicability, acceptability, and appropriateness of the device in children with gait impairments undergoing neurorehabilitation. Concerning appropriateness, we investigated whether (i) stride-to-stride variability of the stride time and inter-joint coordination was higher when walking over-ground in Andago versus treadmill walking, and (ii) activation of antigravity leg muscles decreased with higher levels of BWU. METHODS Eighteen children and adolescents with gait impairments participated in three sessions. Practicability was assessed by determining the time needed to get a patient in and out of Andago, the accuracy of the BWU system, and other aspects. Acceptability was assessed by patients responding to questions, while six therapists filled out the System Usability Scale. To determine appropriateness, the participants were equipped with surface electromyography (sEMG) electrodes, electrogoniometers and accelerometers. Various parameters were compared between walking over-ground and on a treadmill, and between walking with three different levels of BWU (median: 20%, 35% and 50% of the bodyweight) over-ground. RESULTS Practicability: the average time needed to get in and out of Andago amounted to 60 s and 16 s, respectively. The BWU system seemed accurate, especially at higher levels. We experienced no technical difficulties and Andago prevented 12 falls. However, participants had difficulties walking through a door without bumping into it. Acceptability: after the second session, nine participants felt safer walking in Andago compared to normal walking, 15 preferred walking in Andago compared to treadmill walking, and all wanted to train again with Andago. Therapists rated the usability of the Andago as excellent. Appropriateness: stride-to-stride variability of stride duration and inter-joint coordination was higher in Andago compared to treadmill walking. sEMG activity was not largely influenced by the levels of BWU investigated in this study, except for a reduced M. Gluteus Medius activity at the highest level of BWU tested. CONCLUSIONS The Andago is a practical and well-accepted device to train walking over-ground with BWU in children and adolescents with gait impairments safely. The system allows individual stride-to-stride variability of temporospatial gait parameters without affecting antigravity muscle activity strongly. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03787199.	Clinical utility of the over-ground bodyweight-supporting walking system Andago in children and youths with gait impairments.	Clinical utility of the over-ground bodyweight-supporting walking system Andago in children and youths with gait impairments.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	COVID-19 infection poses an important clinical therapeutic problem, especially in patients with coexistent diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Potential pathogenetic links between COVID-19 and diabetes include inflammation, effects on glucose homeostasis, haemoglobin deoxygenation, altered immune status and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Moreover, drugs often used in the clinical care of diabetes (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, metformin and insulin) may influence the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection, so it is very important to verify their effectiveness and safety. This review summarises the new advances in diabetes therapy and COVID-19 and provides clinical recommendations that are essential for medical doctors and for patients suffering from type 2 diabetes.	Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection	Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Over the years, African American leaders and entrepreneurs have been preaching the gospel of preparing students at Historical Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) to have an entrepreneurial mindset. The entrepreneurial mindset concept at an HBCU is at an early stage of development. As a result, the concept lacks rigorous theoretical foundations to adapt. The goal of this chapter is to introduce a conceptual change intelligence approach to explain the factors leading to the evolution of the way that an entrepreneurial mindset is developed in an HBCU. The conceptual change intelligence approach draws upon the Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model. In this chapter, the authors postulate that to develop an entrepreneurial mindset (output), the environment (process) in which the student (input) resides must be changed. This chapter is intended to highlight how an HBCU student environment can assist the students to develop an entrepreneurial mindset during COVID-19. © 2021, IGI Global.	The development of an entrepreneurial mindset at a HBCU during a pandemic	The development of an entrepreneurial mindset at a {{ORGANIZATION}} during a pandemic
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The increasing number of patients and heavy workload drive health care institutions to search for efficient and cost-effective methods to deliver optimal care. Clinical pathways are promising care plans that proved to be efficient in reducing costs and optimizing resource usage. However, most clinical pathways are circulated in paper-based formats. Clinical pathway computerization is an emerging research field that aims to integrate clinical pathways with health information systems. A key process in clinical pathway computerization is the standardization of clinical pathway terminology to comply with digital terminology systems. Since clinical pathways include sensitive medical terms, clinical pathway standardization is performed manually and is difficult to automate using machines. The objective of this research is to introduce automation to clinical pathway standardization. The proposed approach utilizes a semantic score-based algorithm that automates the search for SNOMED CT terms. The algorithm was implemented in a software system with a graphical user interface component that physicians can use to standardize clinical pathways by searching for and comparing relevant SNOMED CT retrieved automatically by the algorithm. The system has been tested and validated on SNOMED CT ontology. The experimental results show that the system reached a maximum search space reduction of 98.9% within any single iteration of the algorithm and an overall average of 71.3%. The system enables physicians to locate the proper terms precisely, quickly, and more efficiently. This is demonstrated using case studies, and the results show that human-guided automation is a promising methodology in the field of clinical pathway standardization and computerization.	Automated clinical pathway standardization using SNOMED CT- based semantic relatedness	Automated clinical pathway standardization using SNOMED CT- based semantic relatedness
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Dried blood spot (DBS) samples can be used for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike antibodies. DBS sampling is comparable to matched serum samples with a relative 98.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Thus, DBS sampling offers an alternative for population-wide serologic testing in the coronavirus pandemic.	Sensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2–Specific Antibodies in Dried Blood Spot Samples	Sensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2–Specific Antibodies in Dried Blood Spot Samples
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Socially assistive robots (SARs) present a promising intervention for addressing the increasing prevalence of childhood stress. This innovative technology has become increasingly common in practical implementation. However, empirical support has not kept pace with the robots’ growing popularity. The present study set out to provide an empirical test of the stress-buffering capability of this technology. We examined the effects of the presence of an SAR on self-reported measures of stress in a community sample of 70 children (40 girls, 30 boys) between the ages of 7 and 10 years old. Child participants were randomly assigned to either a robot-present or a robot-absent condition during the Trier Social Stress Test for Children. Contrary to our predictions, we did not detect a stress-buffering effect of the presence of the robot. Instead, the primary analysis showed that the robot’s presence led to a larger decrease in positive affect following the task. However, further analyses found no significant difference in positive affect when accounting for baseline group differences. Exploratory analyses of the nature of children’s interactions with the SAR during the stressful task found that higher levels of parent-reported social anxiety were associated with greater prosocial behaviors towards the SAR, thus signifying a potential target for future interventions. Further work on SARs is needed to determine the optimal timing and robotic specifications that would maximize the potential of this developing technology to improve children’s mental health care.	Evaluating the Role of a Socially Assistive Robot in Children’s Mental Health Care	Evaluating the Role of a Socially Assistive Robot in Children’s Mental Health Care
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The pandemic of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still ongoing. The outbreak of this new emerging contagious disease has impacted a wide range of sectors including health and economics. Much information about COVID-19 has been discovered by many laboratories, and action taken in various ways as quickly as possible to inhibit the outbreak. It was found that COVID-19 is a ribonucleic acid virus (RNA virus) that can cause infection among humans. Moreover, it can mutate and spread contagiously mainly through the respiratory system. The most common symptoms are cough and fever. Many patients could develop to either pneumonitis or respiratory failure. The SARS-CoV-2 virus can infect various organs, the main infections being in lungs and rectum. In these cases, many laboratories can isolate the virus from oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swab and then apply the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test to identify the COVID-19 virus. Many of the viral infections can cause cystitis by immunologic response. There is a study that showed the SARS-CoV-2 virus could be isolated from the urine sample. The patients had significant changes in urinary storage for frequency, urgency, and urinary incontinence during infected period, which improved after the disease resolved. Moreover, there is a study that reported that the COVID-19 patients who had the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) scores of 20 to 35 had significantly longer hospital stays, more frequent intensive care requirements, and higher mortality rates. Therefore, physician and medical personnel should be aware of the irritative voiding symptoms that might be the presenting symptoms of COVID-19. Furthermore, as many studies have shown that the virus can be excreted in urine, thus, the virus could be contagious via urinary contamination.	Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related to COVID-19: Review article	Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related to COVID-19: Review article
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	A randomized trial allows estimation of the causal effect of an intervention compared to a control in the overall population and in subpopulations defined by baseline characteristics. Often, however, clinical questions also arise regarding the treatment effect in subpopulations of patients, which would experience clinical or disease related events post-randomization. Events that occur after treatment initiation and potentially affect the interpretation or the existence of the measurements are called intercurrent events in the ICH E9(R1) guideline. If the intercurrent event is a consequence of treatment, randomization alone is no longer sufficient to meaningfully estimate the treatment effect. Analyses comparing the subgroups of patients without the intercurrent events for intervention and control will not estimate a causal effect. This is well known, but post-hoc analyses of this kind are commonly performed in drug development. An alternative approach is the principal stratum strategy, which classifies subjects according to their potential occurrence of an intercurrent event on both study arms. We illustrate with examples that questions formulated through principal strata occur naturally in drug development and argue that approaching these questions with the ICH E9(R1) estimand framework has the potential to lead to more transparent assumptions as well as more adequate analyses and conclusions. In addition, we provide an overview of assumptions required for estimation of effects in principal strata. Most of these assumptions are unverifiable and should hence be based on solid scientific understanding. Sensitivity analyses are needed to assess robustness of conclusions.	Principal stratum strategy: Potential role in drug development.	Principal stratum strategy: Potential role in drug development.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Confined to a single island where its small population fluctuates in response to rainfall, the Raso lark is likely to remain Critically Endangered unless a second population becomes established This paper reports translocations of larks, 37 in 2018 and 33 in 2019, to the nearby island of Santa Luzia where the species existed until about 500 years ago Both islands lie within the Reserva Natural Integral de Santa Luzia While the hard release protocol proceeded without mishap, problems with radio-tagging the released birds were encountered However early indications are encouraging;the released birds have bred, and their annual survival is not substantially worse than that of larks on the source island, Raso Unexpectedly, the study documented several natural, unassisted movements of larks from Raso to Santa Luzia (and, less unexpectedly, of translocated birds returning to Raso) The ultimate outcome of the project remains uncertain since eradication of Santa Luzia’s introduced cats, possible predators of the larks, was interrupted when the island was evacuated because of the Covid-19 pandemic © Paul Donald	Lessons and surprises from an inter- island re-introduction of the critically endangered raso lark alauda razae of cape verde	Lessons and surprises from an inter- island re-introduction of the critically endangered raso lark alauda razae of cape verde
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	BACKGROUND: In our institute in Marseille, France, we initiated early and massive screening for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hospitalization and early treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin (HCQ-AZ) was proposed for the positive cases. METHODS: We retrospectively report the clinical management of 3,737 screened patients, including 3,119 (83.5%) treated with HCQ-AZ (200 mg of oral HCQ, three times daily for ten days and 500 mg of oral AZ on day 1 followed by 250 mg daily for the next four days, respectively) for at least three days and 618 (16.5%) patients treated with other regimen (“others”). Outcomes were death, transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), ≥10 days of hospitalization and viral shedding. RESULTS: The patients’ mean age was 45 (sd 17) years, 45% were male, and the case fatality rate was 0.9%. We performed 2,065 low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans highlighting lung lesions in 592 of the 991 (59.7%) patients with minimal clinical symptoms (NEWS score = 0). A discrepancy between spontaneous dyspnoea, hypoxemia and lung lesions was observed. Clinical factors (age, comorbidities, NEWS-2 score), biological factors (lymphocytopenia; eosinopenia; decrease in blood zinc; and increase in D-dimers, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine phosphokinase, and C-reactive protein) and moderate and severe lesions detected in low-dose CT scans were associated with poor clinical outcome. Treatment with HCQ-AZ was associated with a decreased risk of transfer to ICU or death (Hazard ratio (HR) 0.18 0.11–0.27), decreased risk of hospitalization ≥10 days (odds ratios 95% CI 0.38 0.27–0.54) and shorter duration of viral shedding (time to negative PCR: HR 1.29 1.17–1.42). QTc prolongation (>60 ms) was observed in 25 patients (0.67%) leading to the cessation of treatment in 12 cases including 3 cases with QTc> 500 ms. No cases of torsade de pointe or sudden death were observed. CONCLUSION: Although this is a retrospective analysis, results suggest that early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment of COVID-19 patients, with at least 3 days of HCQ-AZ lead to a significantly better clinical outcome and a faster viral load reduction than other treatments.	Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: A retrospective analysis	Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: A retrospective analysis
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Abstract Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are inflammatory lung disorders responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the importance of allergic responses in asthma is well known, respiratory viral and bacterial infections and pollutants especially cigarette smoke are important factors in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Corticosteroid treatment remains the first preference of treatment in either disease, however these therapies are not always completely effective, and are associated with side effects and steroid resistance. Due to such limitations, development of new treatments represents a major goal for both the pharmaceutical industry and academic researchers. There are now excellent reasons to promote NF-κB signalling intermediates and Rel family proteins as potential therapeutic targets for both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This notion is supported by the fact that much of the underlying inflammation of both diseases independent of stimuli, is mediated at least in part, by NF-κB mediated signalling events in several cell types. Also, a range of inhibitors of NF-κB signalling intermediates are now available, including DNA oligonucleotides and DNA-peptide molecules that act as NF-κB decoy sequences, small molecule inhibitors such as IKK-β inhibitors, and proteasome inhibitors affecting NF-κB signalling, that have either shown promise in animal models or have begun clinical trials in other disorders. This review will focus on the role of NF-κB in both diseases, will discuss its suitability as a target, and will highlight recent key studies that support the potential of NF-κB as a therapeutic target in these two important inflammatory lung diseases.	Targeting the NF-κB pathway in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Targeting the NF-κB pathway in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Early December 2019 witnessed an international outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID 19) designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) Since then, a number of therapeutic molecules have been explored to have potential efficacy against the SARS-Cov-2 per se or its sequelae There are no Food and Drug Administration specific therapies approved so far;however, numerous drugs based on varying levels of evidence, in vitro studies and compassionate drug trials are being established as therapeutic agents, especially drugs approved for previous emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-Cov) Numerous active clinical trials for COVID-19 with more than 150 drugs and products are under study Needless to say, many dermatological drugs are being employed to mitigate this pandemic threat We aim to review drugs with potential against SARS-Cov-2 widely used in dermatology practice Additionally, rampant and overzealous use of these drugs as well as introduction of new molecules might lead to emergence of adverse effects associated with these agents Dermatologists must be on lookout for any cutaneous adverse effects of these drugs J Drugs Dermatol 2020;19(9):889-892 doi:10 36849/JDD 2020 5323	Systemic Medications of Dermatological Importance in COVID-19	Systemic Medications of Dermatological Importance in COVID-19
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Purpose In the era of COVID-19, the televisit has become a critical means of providing healthcare for patients unable to attend in-person visits Transthyretin and light chain amyloidosis are complex diseases, that require frequent and close follow up The aim of this study was to assess the utility and effectiveness of televisit encounters for patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA) during the COVID-19 pandemic Methods This was a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with CA who were evaluated by televisit between March and May, 2020, at a large academic medical center Patient demographics, baseline medications and details of televisit encounters were collected from electronic medical records Patients were followed for 3 months from their first televisit for medication changes, in-person clinic visits, hospital admissions, and mortality Results Ninety-eight patients with CA were included Mean age was 76 5±9 1 yrs and 79 were male (80 6%) The number of televisits per patient is shown in Figure 1a Over 3-months follow-up, 26 patients (26 5%) were seen for either an in-person clinic visit or right heart catheterization There were 7 emergency room visits, of which 4 (4 1%) resulted in hospital admission, 1 patient (1 0%) had multiple admissions and no patient died (Figure 1b) None of the hospital admissions occurred within two weeks of a televisit Hospital admissions were due to heart failure exacerbation, sepsis, acute kidney injury and dehydration secondary to diarrhea During follow-up, 23 patients (23 5%) had medication adjustments, most commonly changes in diuretic (56 5%) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (56 5%) doses Two patients were newly initiated on tafamidis, for treatment of transthyretin CA Conclusion The use of televisits for the management of patients with CA is feasible, and the low admission rate indicates that televisits are a safe and effective way to manage CA patients in the outpatient setting	The Utility of Televisits in Patients with Cardiac Amyloidosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic	The Utility of Televisits in Patients with {{ORGANIZATION}} during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Children with sickle cell disease can develop life-threatening and painful crises that require prompt assessment and efficient management by healthcare professionals in the emergency or acute care setting. Due to migration patterns and improved survival rates in high-prevalence countries, there is an increased tendency to encounter these patients across the UK. These factors warrant regular revisions in sickle cell crisis management, along with education for medical personnel and patients to improve clinical care and patient management. The focus of this article is on the initial assessment and management of acute paediatric sickle cell complications in the emergency setting. Specific case studies, including acute pain crises, trauma, splenic sequestration, aplastic crises, acute chest syndrome, infection, avascular necrosis, osteomyelitis and stroke, are discussed. Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, we have also reviewed specific concerns around this patient group.	Fifteen-minute consultation: Recognition of sickle cell crises in the paediatric emergency department	Fifteen-minute consultation: Recognition of sickle cell crises in the paediatric emergency department
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in an immune mediated disease that affects peripheral nerves with possible life-threatening complications GBS has multiple subtypes including acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), which can make GBS difficult to diagnose GBS commonly presents after viral infections such as influenza virus, campylobacter jejuni, and zika virus GBS commonly presents with a prolonged clinical course leading to increased morbidity among affected patients It is not surprising that COVID-19 has been connected with multiple cases of GBS, which may alter the recovery course for several patients post-COVID In this report, we present a case of 69-year-old-female who presented with progressive motor weakness and loss of sensation in her extremities after testing positive for antibodies to COVID-19 one-month prior to presentation Her presentation and treatment of GBS in the setting of COVID-19 is an example of one of the many COVID-19 complications and sheds light on the prolonged recovery course that we may experience as clinicians in the wake of this pandemic	Guillain-Barré Syndrome in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report and Review of Management Strategies	{{NAME}} in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report and Review of Management Strategies
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	During the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing measures often resulted in individual isolation, which can lead to adverse mental outcomes. We collected online questionnaires from 3,952 US adults to examine the impact of “shelter-in-place” guidelines on mental health, and to explore potential disparities and modifiable factors. Self-reported anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms were associated with more restrictive quarantine. Younger adults, women, those with lower income, more insecurity, more media exposure, reduced physical activity, or worsened family relationships were particularly affected. Targeted prevention on susceptible subpopulations, including young adults and lower SES groups, might help mitigate disparities in COVID-19-related mental health problems.	COVID-19 Related Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD among US Adults()	{{NAME}}, and PTSD among US Adults()
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Background Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding has been described in immunocompromised COVID-19 patients, resulting in protracted disease and poor outcome. Specific therapy to improve viral clearance and outcome for this group of patients is currently unavailable. Methods Five critically ill COVID-19 patients with severe defects in cellular immune responses, high SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA loads, and no respiratory improvement were treated with interferon gamma, 100 μg subcutaneously, thrice weekly. Bronchial secretion was collected every 48 hours for routine diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and viral culture. Findings Interferon gamma administration was followed by a rapid decline in SARS-CoV-2 load and a positive to negative viral culture conversion. Four patients recovered and no signs of hyperinflammation were observed. Conclusions Interferon gamma may be considered as adjuvant immunotherapy in a subset of immunocompromised COVID-19 patients. Funding AvL and RvC are supported by National Institute of Health [R01AI145781]. GJO and RPvR are supported by a VICI grant [016.VICI.170.090] from the Dutch Research Council (NWO). WFA is supported by Clinical Fellowship grant [#9071561]) of Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development. MGN is supported by an ERC Advanced Grant [#833247] and a Spinoza Grant of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.	Interferon gamma immunotherapy in five critically ill COVID-19 patients with impaired cellular immunity: a case series	{{ORGANIZATION}} gamma immunotherapy in five critically ill COVID-19 patients with impaired cellular immunity: a case series
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	In order to treat Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), we predicted and implemented a drug delivery system (DDS) that can provide stable drug delivery through a computational approach including a clustering algorithm and the Schrödinger software. Six carrier candidates were derived by the proposed method that could find molecules meeting the predefined conditions using the molecular structure and its functional group positional information. Then, just one compound named glycyrrhizin was selected as a candidate for drug delivery through the Schrödinger software. Using glycyrrhizin, nafamostat mesilate (NM), which is known for its efficacy, was converted into micelle nanoparticles (NPs) to improve drug stability and to effectively treat COVID-19. The spherical particle morphology was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the particle size and stability of 300-400 nm were evaluated by measuring DLSand the zeta potential. The loading of NM was confirmed to be more than 90% efficient using the UV spectrum.	A Novel Computational Approach for the Discovery of Drug Delivery System Candidates for COVID-19	A Novel Computational Approach for the Discovery of Drug Delivery System Candidates for COVID-19
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Introduction The risks to surgeons of carrying out aerosol generating procedures during the COVID pandemic are unknown. To start to define these risks, in a systematic manner, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the abdominal fluid and lower genital tract of patients undergoing surgery. Methods We carried out a prospective cross sectional observational study of 113 patients undergoing abdominal surgery or instrumentation of the lower genital tract. We took COVID swabs from the peritoneal cavity and from the vagina from all eligible patients. Results were stratified by pre operative COVID status. Results In patients who were presumed COVID negative at the time of surgery SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA was detected in 0/102 peritoneal samples and 0/98 vaginal samples. Peritoneal and vaginal swabs were also negative in one patient who had a positive nasopharyngeal swab immediately prior to surgery. Conclusions The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the abdominal fluid or lower genital tract of presumed negative patients is nil or extremely low. These data will inform surgeons of the risks of restarting laparoscopic surgery at a time when COVID19 is endemic in the population.	A prospective study to identify rates of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the peritoneum and lower genital tract of patients having surgery	A prospective study to identify rates of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the peritoneum and lower genital tract of patients having surgery
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	CONTEXT Lymphoepithelial cysts of the pancreas are a rare disease of true pancreatic cysts, the cause of which is unknown. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes many benign and malignant cystic lesions of the pancreas and surrounding organs. A combination of imaging modalities and fine needle aspiration might narrow the differential diagnosis. However, the final diagnosis can only be achieved with certainty after resection of the cyst. CASE REPORT The present case report is a lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas that was resected laparoscopically. A 53-year-old man was incidentally found to have a cystic tumor in the tail of the pancreas after undergoing an abdominal ultrasound, which showed a 41x33 mm cystic mass in the pancreatic tail. He had no abdominal symptoms. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Histologic examination revealed a lymphoepithelial cyst. CONCLUSION Herein, we discuss the diagnostic difficulties and management decisions that face surgeons treating pancreatic cysts.	Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for a pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst: case report and review of literature.	Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for a pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst: case report and review of literature.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a target cell receptor for internalization and proliferation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). When ACE2-highly expressed tissues are manipulated, SARS-CoV-2 containing aerosols may be generated. Normal breathing and speaking are capable of producing aerosols so mask ventilation, suction of airway tract and bucking during tracheal intubation and extubation are clinical procedures capable of significant aerosol production. Whilst no data have been reported on the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in the operating room (OR), contamination in the OR can be estimated from the intensive care unit (ICU) data. ICU data showed that SARS-CoV-2 was detected on all types of surface and in air within about 4 m from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. High concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the personal protective equipment (PPE) removal room and medical staff office. Submicron virus-laden aerosols could result from resuspension of particles containing SARS-CoV-2 sticking the PPE surface; removal could produce the initial velocity. Supermicron virus-laden aerosol could come from floor deposited SARS-CoV-2, which were carried across different areas by medical staff (e.g., shoe). Knowledge of aerosol generation and distribution in the OR will aid the design of strategies to reduce transmission risk.	Air contamination with SARS-CoV-2 in the operating room	Air contamination with SARS-CoV-2 in the operating room
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Clinical translation of "intelligent" lower-limb assistive technologies relies on robust control interfaces capable of accurately detecting user intent. To date, mechanical sensors and surface electromyography (EMG) have been the primary sensing modalities used to classify ambulation. Ultrasound (US) imaging can be used to detect user-intent by characterizing structural changes of muscle. Our study evaluates wearable US imaging as a new sensing modality for continuous classification of five discrete modes: level, incline, decline, stair ascent, and stair descent ambulation, and benchmarks performance relative to EMG sensing. Ten subjects were equipped with a wearable US scanner and eight unilateral EMG sensors. Time-intensity features were recorded from US images of three thigh muscles. Features from sliding windows of EMG signals were analyzed in two configurations: one including 5 EMG sensors on muscles around the thigh, and another with 3 additional sensors placed on the shank. Linear discriminate analysis was implemented to continuously classify these phase-dependent features of each sensing modality as one of five modes. Five-fold cross-validation was used for each modality and subject. US-based sensing statistically improved mean classification accuracy to 99.8% (99.5×100% CI) compared to 8-EMG sensors (85.8%; 84.0×87.6% CI) and 5-EMG sensors (75.3%; 74.5×76.1% CI). Further, separability analyses show the importance of superficial and deep US information for stair classification relative to other modes. These results are the first to demonstrate the ability of US-based sensing to classify discrete ambulation modes, highlighting the potential for improved assistive device control using less widespread, less superficial and higher resolution sensing of skeletal muscle.	Ultrasound Sensing Can Improve Continuous Classification of Discrete Ambulation Modes Compared to Surface Electromyography.	Ultrasound Sensing Can Improve Continuous Classification of Discrete Ambulation Modes Compared to Surface Electromyography.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first manifested in Wuhan, China in December 2019 as multiple cases of pneumonia with unknown etiology. This was the herald of an infectious catastrophe that would eventually affect millions of people across the world, claim countless lives, and uproot the very foundations of modern-day healthcare practice. Hospital pharmacists, alongside with physicians, nurses, and numerous other disciplines, are an integral part of the healthcare team that responded to this pandemic. The purpose of this article is to highlight the teamwork, determination, and innovativeness demonstrated by clinical pharmacists at a 510-bed community hospital in response to the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Pharmacists rose to the occasion to ensure that patients continue to receive the best therapy possible during this pandemic, and they supported other disciplines to ensure a collaborative response. Despite the unprecedented challenges posed to hospital pharmacy practice in the setting of COVID-19, our pharmacy team’s response has resoundingly proven the resiliency of the human spirit, and shows that nothing is insurmountable in the face of collaboration, creativity, and an overwhelming desire to care for our community. © 2021 Marmara University Press.	A new frontier: Navigating hospital pharmacy practice during the covid-19 pandemic	A new frontier: Navigating hospital pharmacy practice during the covid-19 pandemic
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Nutraceuticals can serve as an alternative supplement to overcome nutritional deficiency for a healthy lifestyle. They can also play a key role in disease management. To develop carrot nutraceutical products, 64 genotypes from four different continents were evaluated for a range of morpho-nutrition variables. Genetic variability, heritability, strength and direction of association among variables, and direct and indirect relationships among physiochemical and nutritional traits with β-carotene content were evaluated. Core diameter, foliage weight, root weight and shoulder weight showed significant association with β-carotene accumulation. Principal component analysis for physiochemical and nutritional assessment divided these genotypes into two distinctive groups, Eastern carrots and Western carrots. Caloric and moisture content had high positive associations with β-carotene content while carbohydrate content was negatively associated. Five genotypes (T-29, PI 634658, PI 288765, PI 164798, and Ames 25043) with the highest β-carotene contents were selected for making three nutraceutical supplements (carrot-orange juice, carrot jam and carrot candies). These nutraceutical supplements retained high β-carotene content coupled with antioxidant properties. Carrot jam (6.5 mg/100 g) and carrot candies (4.8 mg/100 g) had greater concentrations of β-carotene than carrot-orange juice (1.017 mg/100 g). Carrot jam presented high antioxidant activity with the highest values in T-29 (39% inhibition of oxidation) followed by PI 634658 (37%), PI 164798 (36.5%), Ames 25043 (36%) and PI 288765 (35.5%). These nutraceutical products, with 4–6.5 mg/100 g β-carotene content, had higher values than the USDA recommended dietary intake of 3–6 mg β-carotene/day can be recommended for daily use to lower the risk of chronic disease.	Development of Carrot Nutraceutical Products as an Alternative Supplement for the Prevention of Nutritional Diseases	{{ORGANIZATION}} as {{ORGANIZATION}}
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	In early spring 2020, New York's K-12 schools, colleges, and universities went into lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and faculty began converting face-to-face classes into distance learning classes Teachers and college faculty learned to use new technology to continue instruction for the remainder of the academic year Learning curves were steep for some, as using technology proved to be overwhelming Students who registered for in-person classes had to learn in an online environment Pre-Health Science majors who rely heavily on practical, hands-on courses to gain the necessary skills required for their career participated in virtual anatomy and physiology laboratories Clearly, face-to-face courses are not always possible;therefore, it is imperative to know the best practices of online teaching and learning	The Challenges of Teaching Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Online in the Time of COVID-19	{{ORGANIZATION}} in the Time of COVID-19
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	With the relaxation of the containment measurements around the globe, monitoring the social distancing in crowded public spaces is of great importance to prevent a new massive wave of COVID-19 infections. Recent works in that matter have limited themselves by assessing social distancing in corridors up to small crowds by detecting each person individually, considering the full body in the image. In this work, we propose a new framework for monitoring the social-distance using end-to-end Deep Learning, to detect crowds violating social-distancing in wide areas, where important occlusions may be present. Our framework consists in the creation of new ground truth social distance labels, based on the ground truth density maps, and the proposal of two different solutions, a density-map-based and a segmentation-based, to detect crowds violating social-distancing constraints. We assess the results of both approaches by using the generated ground truth from the PET2009 and CityStreet datasets. We show that our framework performs well at providing the zones where people are not following the social-distance, even when heavily occluded or far away from the camera, compared to current detection and tracking approaches.	Monitoring social-distance in wide areas during pandemics: a density map and segmentation approach	Monitoring social-distance in wide areas during pandemics: a density map and segmentation approach
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The article is devoted to the mythologization of time in Internet memes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors consider modern social mythology in the context of the digital humanities. Digitalization of human existence leads to the emergence of digital mythology, which allows us to comprehend the new electronic social reality and influences the formation of worldview. The myths of the digital age are embedded in the tools of social communication, one of which is the Internet meme. The authors define the Internet meme as a part of digital culture and a communication phenomenon that can transmit emotionally colored information and influence its perception. Internet memes contain myth elements that allow communicants to perceive the transmitted information with a high degree of efficiency. Memes make it possible for Internet users to describe the realities of a rapidly changing world, while at the same time comprehending it at a high speed, thanks to the recognition of the myth. Myths about the time have become particularly relevant during the pandemic, as they were associated with the need to adapt to new conditions of existence and accelerate digitalization. Internet memes about the year 2020 demonstrate the features of the mythologization of time in the pandemic period. © 2021 IEEE.	Mythologizing Time in Internet Memes of the COVID-19 Pandemic Period	Mythologizing Time in Internet Memes of the COVID-19 Pandemic Period
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	INTRODUCTION Infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have multisystemic involvement with hyperinflammation being a cardinal feature and deranged iron metabolism having a possible role. In this premise, we studied the prognostic value of two markers of iron metabolism ferritin and hemoglobin. METHODOLOGY A retrospective-cohort study was carried out in a tertiary hospital in northern India involving 210 hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged 15-and above. Analysis was done for clinical profile, comorbidities and basic laboratory indices including ferritin-hemoglobin ratio (FHR) with primary end-point being in-hospital all-cause mortality. RESULTS Median serum ferritin levels (640.00ng/mL vs 220.00ng/mL) were significantly higher among non-survivors as against survivors while median hemoglobin levels were significantly lower (12.12g/dL vs 13.73g/dL). Serum ferritin levels >400ng/mL (Sn 80%, Sp 70%) predicted mortality with high sensitivity and specificity. Notably, serum ferritin levels >400ng/mL (HR 11.075 [1.481-82.801]) and anemia, defined as a hemoglobin of <12g/dL for females and < 13g/dL for males and were significantly associated with the risk of mortality in a univariable Cox-proportional hazards regression. The median FHR was significantly higher among non-survivors compared to survivors (56.98 vs 17.17). FHR>31 (Sn 85% Sp 71.6%) was highly sensitive and specific for predicting mortality. The multivariable analysis indicated that FHR >31 remained an independent risk factor for mortality (HR 12.293 [3.147-48.028]). CONCLUSION Ferritin-hemoglobin ratio (FHR), which encompasses into a single index, the effects of both elevated levels of ferritin and the severity of anemia, seems to perform particularly well as a prognostic marker and emerged as an independent risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. Hyperferritinemia and anemia, both, are inexorably interlinked in addition to having a role, directly or indirectly in the disease pathophysiology. Ferritin and hemoglobin, hence should be seen as two sides of the same coin rather than as two discrete entities.	Ferritin and Hemoglobin as Predictors of Fatal Outcome in COVID-19: Two Sides of the Same Coin.	{{NAME}} and Hemoglobin as Predictors of Fatal Outcome in COVID-19: Two Sides of the Same Coin.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused, and continues to cause, severe economic losses to the swine industry worldwide The pathogenic mechanism and immune regulatory interactions between PEDV and the host remain largely unknown In this study, the interaction between autophagy and PEDV replication in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells was investigated The effects of the structural and nonstructural proteins of PEDV on the autophagy process and the autophagy-related signaling pathways were also examined The results shown that PEDV replication increased the autophagy flux in IPEC-J2 cells, and that autophagy was beneficial to PEDV replication, which may be one of the reasons for the rapid damage to intestinal epithelial cells and the enhanced virulence of PEDV in both newborn piglets and finishing pigs When autophagy was pharmacologically induced by rapamycin, PEDV replication increased from 8 510sup5/sup TCIDsub50/sub/mL to 8 810sup6/sup TCIDsub50/sub/mL in IPEC-J2 cells When autophagy was pharmacologically suppressed by hydroxychloroquine, PEDV replication decreased from 8 510sup5/sup TCIDsub50/sub/mL to 7 910sup4/sup TCIDsub50/sub/mL To identify which PEDV proteins were the key inducers of autophagy, all 4 structural proteins and 17 nonstructural proteins of PEDV were eukaryotic expressed It was found that the nonstructural protein 6 (nsp6) and ORF3 of PEDV were able to induce significant autophagy in IPEC-J2 cells, but the other proteins were unable to induce autophagy It was indicated that nsp6-induced autophagy mainly occurred via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway The results accelerate the understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of PEDV infection and provide new insights into the development of effective therapeutic strategies	Nonstructural protein 6 of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces autophagy to promote viral replication via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis	Nonstructural protein 6 of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces autophagy to promote viral replication via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis is recommended for all hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the absence of contraindications. Although D-dimer is a recognized biomarker for disease severity, there are insufficient data to recommend using this parameter to guide therapeutic decisions. Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate whether D-dimer guided anticoagulant therapy (ACT) is associated with a better evolution in moderate and severe COVID 19 illness. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 120 consecutive patients (71 men, mean age 62.8±14 years old), hospitalised for moderate or severe COVID-19 illness. All patients were clinically examined, thoracic CT was performed, hematologic parameters were measured. Presence of VTE in patients with risk factors was excluded with doppler imaging and/or contrast thoracic CT. Patients with D-dimer ≤0.5 mg/L received prophylactic ACT (enoxaparin 40 mg daily), patients with D-dimer between 0.5 mg/L and 1 mg/L received 40 mg bid and those with D dimer ≥1mg/L were treated with full dose ACT (enoxaparin 1mg/kg bid). During hospitalization D-dimer was measured and the ACT was adapted accordingly. In all patients COVID-19 disease was managed according to current guidelines. After discharge patients were followed up 30±7 days. Prophylactic ACT was continued in patients with high thrombotic risk. Results: 76 patients (63.3%) had moderate, and 44 patients (36.6%) had severe disease. Comorbidities were present in 71.5% patients (61.5% with cardiovascular disease, 16.6% with diabetes mellitus, 16.6% with obesity, 6.6% with renal failure, 4.1% with neoplastic disease). Average D-dimer was 1.3±0.8 mg/L. D-dimer elevation>0.5 mg/L was seen in 79 patients (65.8%). D-dimer was higher in patients with severe vs moderate illness 1.5±0.9 mg/L vs 1.01±0.9 mg/l (p<0.05) and in patients with comorbidities vs patients with no comorbidities (1.2±0.8 mg/L vs 0.7±0.6 mg/L, p<0.05). During hospitalization and subsequent follow up no VTE was recorded. 10 patients (0.83%) initially on prophylactic doses were switched to full dose ACT. Haemorrhagic complications were recorded in 5 patients (4.1%) and were minor. 4 patients (3.3%) with moderate illness at admission and comorbidities, were transferred to intensive care unit (ICU) and subsequently died (two patients with severe respiratory failure, one patient with respiratory failure and myocarditis and one patient with coma after resuscitated cardiac arrest). 116 patients (96.7%) were discharged after a median hospitalization of 12±3 days and there were no complications recorded during the short term follow up. Conclusions: D-dimer guided therapy is associated with a lower incidence of TVP complications and mortality in moderate and severe hospitalized patients (0% vs 10% and 3.3% vs 20.3% respectively in literature data base) with nonsignificant haemorrhagic complications. This small observational study needs to be validated by further research.	Better outcome with D-dimer guided anticoagulant in hospitalised patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 illness	Better outcome with D-dimer guided anticoagulant in hospitalised patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 illness
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The problems of chronic or noncommunicable diseases (NCD) that now kill around 40 million people each year require multiparametric combinatorial diagnostics for the selection of effective treatment tactics. This could be implemented using the biosensor principle based on peptide aptamers for spatial recognition of corresponding protein markers of diseases in biological fluids. In this paper, a low-cost label-free principle of biomarker detection using a biosensor system based on fluorometric registration of the target proteins bound to peptide aptamers was investigated. The main detection principle considered includes the re-emission of the natural fluorescence of selectively bound protein markers into a longer-wavelength radiation easily detectable by common charge-coupled devices (CCD) using a specific luminophore. Implementation of this type of detection system demands the reduction of all types of stray light and background fluorescence of construction materials and aptamers. The latter was achieved by careful selection of materials and design of peptide aptamers with substituted aromatic amino acid residues and considering troponin T, troponin I, and bovine serum albumin as an example. The peptide aptamers for troponin T were designed in silico using the «Protein 3D» (SPB ETU, St. Petersburg, Russia) software. The luminophore was selected from the line of ZnS-based solid-state compounds. The test microfluidic system was arranged as a flow through a massive of four working chambers for immobilization of peptide aptamers, coupled with the optical detection system, based on thick film technology. The planar optical setup of the biosensor registration system was arranged as an excitation-emission cascade including 280 nm ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED), polypropylene (PP) UV transparent film, proteins layer, glass filter, luminophore layer, and CCD sensor. A laboratory sample has been created.	Toward Development of a Label-Free Detection Technique for Microfluidic Fluorometric Peptide-Based Biosensor Systems	Toward Development of a Label-Free Detection Technique for Microfluidic Fluorometric Peptide-Based Biosensor Systems
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The musical Hamilton, written by Lin-Manuel Miranda, creatively depicts the life and career of founding father Alexander Hamilton. While Hamilton is the primary focus, highlights of the career and personal journeys of other leaders, such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Aaron Burr, are interjected throughout the production. Often the musical numbers in Hamilton focus on aspects of leadership and career development that Hamilton and his contemporaries were learning or needed to learn. These lessons are applicable to the challenges that faculty members in academic pharmacy face today at different stages of a career. These include the importance of maximizing opportunities, listening, self-reflection, compromise, patience, empathy, prioritizing, tending relationships, making difficult decisions, knowing when to say goodbye, and managing a legacy.	Leadership Lessons and Career Advice From the Musical Hamilton.	Leadership Lessons and Career Advice From the Musical {{NAME}}.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	COVID-19 pandemic has imposed many challenges on paediatric liver transplantation (PLT) services and has necessitated several adaptations in different stages of the process to ensure transplant centres can still deliver the proposed services in addition to protecting patients and staff against infection. This review article digs through the current literature to clarify the challenges imposed by SARS-CoV2 on PLT centres globally. It provides an overview of current practice as well as suggestions from experts in the field to overcome multiple obstacles. In paediatrics, the reaction to SARS-CoV2 may be less severe than that seen in the adult population, but this can change in view of newly discovered virus strains. Response of transplant centres to the current pandemic was variable depending on the anticipated risk and available resources. Telemedicine has helped PLT programmes to continue their activities while protecting patients, as well as staff against the risk of SARS-CoV2 virus. Further studies are needed to guide immunosuppression management in post-transplant infected candidates; answering this critical question will help PLT centres solve this dilemma.	Paediatric Liver Transplantation During COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned and Unanswered Questions	{{ORGANIZATION}} During COVID-19 Pandemic: {{ORGANIZATION}}
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Globally, this pandemic has affected over 111 million individuals and posed many health and economic challenges. Much research effort is dedicated to discovering new treatments to address the associated challenges and restrict the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Since SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-strand RNA virus, its replication requires the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme. In this study, we report the discovery of new potential RdRp enzyme inhibitors based on computer modeling and simulation methodologies. The antiviral ZINC database was utilized for covalent docking virtual screening followed by molecular interaction analyses based on reported hot spots within the RdRp binding pocket (PDB: 7BV2). Eleven molecules, ZINC000014944915, ZINC000027556215, ZINC000013556344, ZINC000003589958, ZINC000003833965, ZINC000001642252, ZINC000028525778, ZINC000027557701, ZINC000013781295, ZINC000001651128 and ZINC000013473324, were shown to have the highest binding interactions. These molecules were further assessed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) studies. The results showed that all 11 molecules except ZINC000027557701 formed stable complexes with the viral RdRp and fell within the accepted ADMET parameters. The identified molecules can be used to design future potential RdRp inhibitors.	Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Studies for Discovery of Potential RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors	Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Studies for Discovery of Potential RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Each week, I record audio summaries for every paper in JACC, as well as an issue summary. This process has become a true labor of love due to the time they require, but I am motivated by the sheer number of listeners (16M+), and it has allowed me to familiarize myself with every paper that we publish. Thus, I have selected the top 100 papers (both Original Investigations and Review Articles) from distinct specialties each year. In addition to my personal choices, I have included papers that have been the most accessed or downloaded on our websites, as well as those selected by the JACC Editorial Board members. In order to present the full breadth of this important research in a consumable fashion, we will present these abstracts in this issue of JACC, as well as their Central Illustrations and podcasts. The highlights comprise the following sections: Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning (NEW section), Basic & Translational Research, Biomarkers (NEW section), Cardiac Failure & Myocarditis, Cardiomyopathies & Genetics, Cardio-Oncology, Cardiovascular Disease in Women, Coronary Disease & Interventions, Congenital Heart Disease, Coronavirus, Hypertension, Imaging, Metabolic & Lipid Disorders, Neurovascular Disease & Dementia, Promoting Health & Prevention, Rhythm Disorders & Thromboembolism, Vascular Medicine, and Valvular Heart Disease.1-100.	Editor-in-Chief's Top Picks From 2021.	Editor-in-Chief's Top Picks From 2021.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	OBJECTIVES: Can we identify predictive factors for the group of so-called multiple users (MU; 4 and more uses of an emergency department [ED] in the past 12 months)? Are people with a migration background more likely to be classified in the MU group? METHODOLOGY: Included were consecutive patients who visited three EDs in Berlin from July 2017 to July 2018. Using a questionnaire, diseases, reasons for visiting the ED and socioeconomic factors were recorded. Comparisons between migrants (1st generation), their descendants (2nd generation) and nonmigrants were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 2339 patients were included in the evaluation (repeat rate 56%), of which 901 had a migration background. Young women (<30 years), chronically ill, pregnant women, patients with severe complaints and people with (self-assessed) moderate and poor health quality as well as those without medical referral had a greater chance of multiple use of ED. CONCLUSION: MU burden the already increasing patient volume of ED. However, they represent a heterogeneous group of patients, among whom people with a migration background are not common. Further research is warranted to better understand the factors that lead to frequent use and to develop effective strategies to address the complex health needs of MUs.	Inanspruchnahme von Notaufnahmen durch sog. Mehrfachnutzer/-innen: Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Migrationsstatus	{{NAME}} durch sog. {{NAME}}: Ergebnisse einer prospektiven {{NAME}} unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Migrationsstatus
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	This paper investigates the interconnectedness between sovereign credit risk based on the tail event and network dynamics technique. Specifically, we examine the interdependence in upper tails of sovereign credit default swap in the case of fifteen most COVID-19 affected countries. Empirical findings indicate that connectedness among SCDS spreads changed over time and is higher during the COVID19 outbreak. Russia, Brazil, and China are the most credit risk emitter and receiver during the COVID-19 pandemic.	Tail event-based sovereign credit risk transmission network during COVID-19 pandemic	Tail event-based sovereign credit risk transmission network during COVID-19 pandemic
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	We have worked to develop a Clinical Information Network (CIN) in Kenya as an early form of learning health systems (LHS) focused on paediatric and neonatal care that now spans 22 hospitals. CIN's aim was to examine important outcomes of hospitalisation at scale, identify and ultimately solve practical problems of service delivery, drive improvements in quality and test interventions. By including multiple routine settings in research, we aimed to promote generalisability of findings and demonstrate potential efficiencies derived from LHS. We illustrate the nature and range of research CIN has supported over the past 7 years as a form of LHS. Clinically, this has largely focused on common, serious paediatric illnesses such as pneumonia, malaria and diarrhoea with dehydration with recent extensions to neonatal illnesses. CIN also enables examination of the quality of care, for example that provided to children with severe malnutrition and the challenges encountered in routine settings in adopting simple technologies (pulse oximetry) and more advanced diagnostics (eg, Xpert MTB/RIF). Although regular feedback to hospitals has been associated with some improvements in quality data continue to highlight system challenges that undermine provision of basic, quality care (eg, poor access to blood glucose testing and routine microbiology). These challenges include those associated with increased mortality risk (eg, delays in blood transfusion). Using the same data the CIN platform has enabled conduct of randomised trials and supports malaria vaccine and most recently COVID-19 surveillance. Employing LHS principles has meant engaging front-line workers, clinical managers and national stakeholders throughout. Our experience suggests LHS can be developed in low and middle-income countries that efficiently enable contextually appropriate research and contribute to strengthening of health services and research systems.	Employing learning health system principles to advance research on severe neonatal and paediatric illness in Kenya	Employing learning health system principles to advance research on severe neonatal and paediatric illness in Kenya
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Preclinical studies suggest that gallbladder emptying, via bile acid-induced activation of the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 in intestinal L cells, may play a significant role in the secretion of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and, hence, postprandial glucose homeostasis. We examined the secretion of gut hormones in cholecystectomized subjects to test the hypothesis that gallbladder emptying potentiates postprandial release of GLP-1. Ten cholecystectomized subjects and 10 healthy, age-, gender-, and body mass index-matched control subjects received a standardized fat-rich liquid meal (2,200 kJ). Basal and postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), cholecystokinin (CCK), and gastrin were measured. Furthermore, gastric emptying and duodenal and serum bile acids were measured. We found similar basal glucose concentrations in the two groups, whereas cholecystectomized subjects had elevated postprandial glucose excursions. Cholecystectomized subjects had reduced postprandial concentrations of duodenal bile acids, but preserved postprandial plasma GLP-1 responses, compared with control subjects. Also, cholecystectomized patients exhibited augmented fasting glucagon. Basal plasma CCK concentrations were lower and peak concentrations were higher in cholecystectomized patients. The concentrations of GIP, GLP-2, and gastrin were similar in the two groups. In conclusion, cholecystectomized subjects had preserved postprandial GLP-1 responses in spite of decreased duodenal bile delivery, suggesting that gallbladder emptying is not a prerequisite for GLP-1 release. Cholecystectomized patients demonstrated a slight deterioration of postprandial glycemic control, probably because of metabolic changes unrelated to incretin secretion.	Postprandial gut hormone responses and glucose metabolism in cholecystectomized patients.	Postprandial gut hormone responses and glucose metabolism in cholecystectomized patients.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the microbial composition of the respiratory tract and other infected tissues as well as their possible pathogenic contributions to varying degrees of disease severity in COVID-19 patients remain unclear. Between 27 January and 26 February 2020, serial clinical specimens (sputum, nasal and throat swab, anal swab and feces) were collected from a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, including 8 mildly and 15 severely ill patients in Guangdong province, China. Total RNA was extracted and ultra-deep metatranscriptomic sequencing was performed in combination with laboratory diagnostic assays. We identified distinct signatures of microbial dysbiosis among severely ill COVID-19 patients on broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy. Co-detection of other human respiratory viruses (including human alphaherpesvirus 1, rhinovirus B, and human orthopneumovirus) was demonstrated in 30.8% (4/13) of the severely ill patients, but not in any of the mildly affected patients. Notably, the predominant respiratory microbial taxa of severely ill patients were Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC), Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Mycoplasma spp. (including M. hominis and M. orale). The presence of the former two bacterial taxa was also confirmed by clinical cultures of respiratory specimens (expectorated sputum or nasal secretions) in 23.1% (3/13) of the severe cases. Finally, a time-dependent, secondary infection of B. cenocepacia with expressions of multiple virulence genes was demonstrated in one severely ill patient, which might accelerate his disease deterioration and death occurring one month after ICU admission. Our findings point to SARS-CoV-2-related microbial dysbiosis and various antibiotic-resistant respiratory microbes/pathogens in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in relation to disease severity. Detection and tracking strategies are needed to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance, improve the treatment regimen and clinical outcomes of hospitalized, severely ill COVID-19 patients.	Characterization of respiratory microbial dysbiosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients	Characterization of respiratory microbial dysbiosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients