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19,500 own share stake THE Herald and Weekly Times had 19,500 shareholders, spread throughout every state in Australia, at September 30

But Industrial Equity Ltd, Advertiser Newspapers and Queensland Press all are substantial shareholders owning more than 10 per cent

The make up of the HWT share registry has been the subject of considerable speculation and a detailed breakdown shows 17,000 shareholders own 5000 or fewer shares

Fifty-one per cent of HWT shareholders have held their shares for more than 10 years

Further analysis reveals 9868 shareholders have between one and 1000 shares; 7344 have between 1001 and 5000 and 1368 hold between 5001 and 10,000

The chief executive, Mr John D'Arcy, holds 160,000 ordinary 50c shares paid to 1c and another executive director, Mr E.J.L. Turnbull, holds 125,000 1c-paid shares

In September 1986 the acquisition of the Leader Media Group was paid for by the issue of 4.85 million shares and cash payment

Directors said they considered it practical and prudent to acquire all Gordon & Gotch Ltd shares

"I'm PREGNANT ... and i don't know what to do" "It could never happen to me..." So many girls fool themselves like this

The truth is, one in 20 teenage girls will fall pregnant. What if you're faced with pregnancy? What are your options? By Daphne Sider Louise grew up living with her mother in a southern suburb of Sydney

She fell pregnant at the age of 15 and was determined to keep her baby

Now Ashley is a beautiful and happy three-year-old

"When I fell pregnant the first person I told was a good friend of mine who was much older. She said I could move into her place because I was fighting with my mother, and we discussed what I was going to do

"I was determined to keep my baby because I didn't feel abortion was right for me. I was really happy about being pregnant. You see, before all this I was really wild. I was always getting drunk and just out for a good time

I felt a real fear of responsibility. But after I had Ashley, I realised that someone else's life depended on me being stable

"Also , I wasn't getting on with Mum. I felt she had abandoned me and I really wanted someone who needed me and loved me

"Now I've got to think of things like budgeting and I don't waste money anymore. I feel heaps more mature than other girls my age, because Ashley needs me to be

"I didn't set out to get pregnant. I didn't use contraceptives because I never thought it would happen to me. I'd had sexual relationships before and counted on my luck. Ashley's father and I hung out together for about two months. He was Indian and never told his family about me because they would have freaked if they knew he was seeing an Australian girl. He was 15 too. Ashley was conceived the very first time we slept together

"I don't see him anymore. It was best that we separated. Maybe when he's older he'll be able to handle the situation better. I don't feel I need his money or anything, but maybe Ashley will ask for his support one day

"Currently we're living on a Supporting Mother's Pension. It's hard to exist on a little over a hundred dollars a week, but I'm lucky enough to have other friends who help me out

"I like the thought that when I'm 30 Ashley will be 15. I'll have just stopped doing the things that she's getting into and so I'll be able to understand her and I hope she'll never have to lie to me. We'll be friends leading a similar lifestyle." One in 20 teenage girls in Australia became pregnant in 1984. More recent statistics aren't available yet, but it looks like the trend is continuing

The majority of girls will opt for abortion, fewer will become single mothers and fewer still will marry. The numbers that will have their babies adopted are miniscule. The reasons for this rate of pregnancy among young, unmarried girls are varied, but naturally enough it begins with the level of sexual activity: It's increasing, starting at an earlier age for both girls and guys

Studies have shown that the earlier you start having sex, the greater the risk of becoming pregnant soon after. One-fifth of teenage pregnancies start within a month of first having sex, and half will occur within six months

More reasons why: Although there appears to be an increased knowledge of contraception, their use is still relatively low. This could be due to lack of access; unplanned sex; worries that parents might find them; a fear that using contraception may indicate loose morals; the belief that "it could never happen to me"; and basically, not considering the consequences of unprotected sex

Also, some girls won't admit to themselves that they are involved in a sexual relationship. For moral reasons they'd prefer to take a deliberate risk, rather than a real precaution, as a way of reassuring themselves it's a one-off situation. Even though it may very well be a one-off affair, the risks of pregnancy are too high to ignore. For a teenage girl who feels unloved or unwanted, having a baby may be seen as the answer. It needs looking after and is wholly dependent and will provide love and, for some girls, a real purpose for living. Some also view motherhood as a means of achieving self-worth or independence

Sue King, executive officer of Preterm, Sydney, says that alcohol is another major cause of pregnancy among young girls. When they get drunk they often forget themselves, and have sex without thinking or without really wanting to. That's where the problems start

With free discussion of sex in magazines, books, films and amongst peers, coupled with the option of contraceptives and their ready availability, you may be sceptical about the relatively high incidence of teenage pregnancy

The problem lies with the confusing attitudes towards the subject. It's promoted by some, it's rejected by others ... just think of the messages you're getting from the media, peers and parents

SINGLE MOTHERS Like Louise, between 25 and 35 per cent of young, unmarried girls who fall pregnant will decide to keep their babies. It's a hard decision to make as it affects the rest of their lives and their relationships with parents, friends and future loves. It's a decision which also affects their social and economic prospects

Some of the real problems they face may include isolation and lack of support; inadequate income coupled with fewer employment opportunities; limited education; poor housing; inadequate medical care both during and after the pregnancy; and fewer opportunities for free time from being a parent

Louise stressed the value of having friends, particularly those older and more experienced, who help with the baby's upbringing and with finance

But not all teenagers are so lucky. Some risk alienation from their families, boyfriends and friends

So what are her other options and how does she decide? Generally it will depend on her age, her family, personal beliefs and values, her knowledge and access to prenatal services, the length of the pregnancy before it's confirmed, whether she sees a child as interrupting her future plans, and whether she feels motherhood is a natural and inevitable conclusion for her

These days options available to girls faced with an unplanned pregnancy seem to be changing in emphasis. They will more than likely opt for abortion or single parenthood rather than adoption or forced marriage

ABORTION The majority of girls - between 35 and 50 per cent - will choose to end their pregnancy by abortion. It's an extremely stressful and emotional decision for any girl to make, but in Jenny's case she felt it was her only option

At the age of 18, Jenny suspected she was pregnant. This suspicion was confirmed for her when she missed her period (which she'd never done before)

Jenny talked it over with her boyfriend. She'd been going out with him for more than a year and, although there was no reason for it, she felt it was a way of gaining more of his attention

At that time what frustrated Jenny was that she had to wait six weeks after her missed period to have a pregnancy test done at the Family Planning Clinic. She knew she'd choose to have an abortion. There was no way she was about to give up her studies, her career plans, her independence. And it seemed outrageous to her that her parents and boyfriend should suffer for it, as she was sure they would

The test proved her suspicions. She wanted to cry but couldn't. She felt sorry for herself, not for what she was going to do. And the same sentiment carried her through the abortion and the days to follow

Jenny's boyfriend, Mark, was with her all the way. He accompanied her to the clinic and offered moral support. Jenny's not quite sure what his reaction would have been had she decided to keep the baby, but doesn't think it's important now anyway

Prior to the abortion she was counselled. It was the first time she'd been counselled about anything and she appreciated it, although she didn't feel she really needed it. Other girls in the clinic that day were quite hysterical. Jenny felt cold - a little religious remorse perhaps, but she put that aside too. It all happened in about ten minutes. That night she went home, cooked dinner for herself and her parents, and told them the movie she'd seen that day was interesting

It was a relief for Jenny that the problem faced by her unplanned pregnancy was gone, and although sentimental when relating her experiences to me, there was no remorse at all

But the ethical problems of remorse do affect many people. Those who believe human life begins at the moment of conception will probably be outraged at Jenny's apparent lack of concern for her child. Their vocal protests are the reasons why many clinics must lock their doors, which can only open after you've knocked

The physical risks of a young girl giving birth are reason enough for some to choose abortion. Medical reports suggest that young girls, particularly those under 16, have a greater chance of giving birth to a premature baby and developing anaemia or high blood pressure in pregnancy, as well as suffering many other complications

MARRIAGE Marriage is an option, but a limited one. Teenage marriages have a poor success rate - nearly half break up within five years. Adolescence is probably the most unstable period of anyone's life; you change your attitudes, you experiment in all types of ways. It's difficult to imagine that a decision you make, particularly under duress, will be right for you in years to come

Still, 15 to 25 per cent of pregnant teenagers will choose to marry by the time their babies are born. ADOPTION The percentage of girls who put their babies up for adoption is very small indeed. That's not so surprising, when you consider that they have carried a child for some nine months

WHERE TO GO FOR HELP It's been proven that the numbers of pregnant teenagers in countries where contraception and advice are readily available are considerably lower than those countries where it's not. Limiting the availability of family planning courses results only in sex without protection

Teenagers are not too immature to use contraceptives effectively. The problem is ignorance

There are many counselling services you can ring or visit to ask for pregnancy help or advice. Youthline is one of them; it's a young person's version of Lifeline. Fifty per cent of all the calls they get deal with pregnancy. Girls facing the prospect of an unplanned pregnancy, or those pregnant girls who need information about their health and financial situations, or who require accommodation, are usually the ones who call

The counsellors at Youthline are aged between 18 and 30; they are welltrained to offer you all the options available but will not give subjective advice. Youthline is a national counselling service and can be contacted on the following numbers:

Vibrations, yes; Good, no MY SHIRT cuffs vibrated and my ears rang throughout Jimmy Barnes's second concert at the Entertainment Centre last night

Excruciating guitar solos and the regressive, aggressive condition of Barnes's rock left me cold despite the deafening volume

Barnes's Heavy Metal voice was little more than a raucous yell on this occasion, too ragged to convey any clear emotion. His lyrics were unintelligible, buried deep beneath four guitars

He and his six-piece band stormed forth in a peircing assembly of lights, relaying "Ride The Night Away", "Working Class Man" and other monotone dirges from Barnes's two LPs - yet if bouncing bodies are any indication, mine is a minority opinion

Barnes wore a Streetbeat T-shirt in support of the "Don't drink and drive" campaign. But as he left the stage after his encore, he raised his (full) glass in salute to his fans and made a mockery of Streetbeat's message

Barnes has blasted ears and lasted years.

Another Paraclete No matter how many books or articles we read on the subject the Holy Spirit is always more difficult to picture than God the Father or God the Son

But we get some help from today's Gospel

Jesus Christ speaks of sending "another Advocate". "If you love me you will keep my commandments. I shall ask the Father and he will give you another advocate to be with you forever"

We really need a combination of words to describe the Holy Spirit and His role. There is the Greek word Paraclete which means the person who is called to the side of one in need of assistance, particularly in legal processes. So from that we have words like advocate, intercessor, defender, mediator, helper. Then there are other words like teacher, consoler, friend

The Holy Spirit is all that and more

Today's Gospel also gives us another clue. By speaking of another Advocate, Jesus seems to imply that He is the first Advocate and now there will be another like Himself. So we can conclude that what Jesus did for His friends during His life on earth, the new Advocate will continue to do for the followers of Christ down through the ages. The Gospel (Jn 14) tells us He is the spirit of truth ... that He will teach the disciples all truth and bring to their minds what Jesus taught them ... He will bear witness to Jesus

So we can be sure the Holy Spirit is present in the Church today as He has been for the past more than 1900 years. He is teaching and guiding the Church enabling it to come to an ever deeper understanding and a more complete grasp of the message of Christ. We can be sure He is still inspiring the followers of Christ to remain steadfast in their faith, encouraging and strengthening them to live by Christ's teaching and bring His message to the world

The work of the Spirit is vividly demonstrated in today's First Reading which describes the wonderful events of Pentecost. Although the apostles had listened to Christ and seen Him do marvellous things, they really did not understand Him or His mission. But with the coming of the Spirit everything fell into place. They knew Christ as they had never known Him before and wanted to tell the world about Him

Today we pray that the Holy Spirit will "continue to work in the world through the hearts of all who believe" (Opening Prayer)

Wm. H. Stinson, C.SS.R.

Bread pan care in the bakery By PHIL MARTIN, managing director, Mackies Pty Ltd. Your investment in baking pans is a major one, by the fact that to achieve the desired output, a quantity of pans or pan sets must be purchased

One individual set of pans does not cost a great deal of money, by today's standards

However, multiply by the quantity needed to bake to the oven's capacity, and the monetary numbers change dramatically

Yet in so many bakeries there appears to be an attitude of: "well, we have plenty of these, it doesn't matter if we knock a few around" or "let's take our temper out on the bread pans when there is an oven or mechanical jam up, resulting in a break down, or "let's throw some around because we have plenty more"

Go into most bakeries and you can hear the damage happening

So many times have I heard the comments "they don't make bread pans like they used to" or "the material is different, they don't seem to stand up to the temperature like they used to"

I can assure you they are as strong as, and stronger than, they used to be, and there are many variations of strengthening accessories, which can be added to, or built in, to suit the potential damage points in the individual bakery, without drastically adding to the weight of the pan set

Let's put the initial pan cost and the damage to one side for a moment

What about the product's shape, what about the function of the baking pan in terms of easy and smooth reliable release, so that cripples are not created at the point of depanning

For each loaf lost is an unretrievable cost

After all, the whole aim in the commercial production of bread is to present a product that is not only good quality and good to eat, but of good appearance in shape and colour with maximum sales appeal

A baking pan is a mould just like a casting mould

The shape of the casting is caused by the mould shape after the pattern has been removed

The same thing happens with baked product

The shape of the pan is determined by the die or tool it is made with

This is, in effect, the pattern which determines the shape and size of the pan

The shape of the pan is the shape of the loaf. If the pans are all mis-shapen and bent from ill-treatment and lack of maintenance, then that is the shape the bread will be

Excercising pan care by regular maintenance can reduce excessive damage and wear

Tighter control and communication with employees involved with pan handling, regular correcting adjustments of conveyors and mechanical equipment all help to keep your investment in the shape they were in at the start

Regular pan maintenance should not be regarded as an additional cost

The better you keep your pans, the better the ongoing results you will enjoy with more uniform and consistent shape

Better shaped product not only has better eye appeal, it gives fewer problems at the bagging machines, it packs into plastic crates and containers more evenly and easily, it looks better at the point of sale

Well kept and clean pans ensure numerous advantages and savings, such as less costly mechanical hiccups - clean pans with a well maintained baking surface use far less energy, which, over 12 months in an average size oven, is mind boggling in cost savings

There are oil savings because well maintained pans release product easily

Frustrations among bakery personnel are significantly reduced when pans are easy to stack and unstack

If you start off with the right pans with the right sort of finish - and what I mean by the right sort of finish - is not whether the pans are made from tinplate or aluminium coated steel (steelumat) rather I am referring to the additional advantage of factory conditioning

Factory conditioning is the term we use as pan manufacturers, which most bakers would refer to as "burning in" or "greening"

About 30 years ago, it was the accepted thing for baking pans to be delivered or supplied to the bakery, made from shiny tinplate

The procedure then was to take delivery several days before the pans could be successfully used, and subject them to a burning in process to make them ready to produce an acceptably coloured product

The reflective nature of the new metal surface would not readily absorb heat and transfer it to the loaf crust, and without burning in or conditioning the pans, it was, not impossible, but very difficult to bake a loaf with good crust colour

The burning in process within the bakery was to apply huge amounts of lard, mostly by hand, place the pans in the oven and apply excessive heat in an attempt to actually darken or blacken the pans by burning

With the presence of a fairly liberal amount of tin on the metal surface, because in those days the tin was applied by the hot dip process, (no longer available) and the absence of the insulating effect of the dough piece, the pans in most cases suffered damage which was irreparable

As a result of this continued problem, much experimenting was carried out which resulted in the development of what was to become known as RK47